Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Healthy Controls (n = 46) | Individuals with Schizophrenia (n = 41) | Test statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Mean (SD) or % | t or χ2 | ||
|
| |||
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 31.79 (8.56) | 32.91 (6.59) | 0.69 |
| Gender (% male) | 52.20 | 65.90 | 1.67 |
| Non-Hispanic Caucasian (%) | 45.70 | 39.00 | 1.44 |
| African American (%) | 39.10 | 51.20 | |
| Other ethnicity (%) | 15.20 | 9.80 | |
| Parental socioeconomic statusa | 28.18 (9.78) | 25.10 (9.40) | −1.47 |
| Alcohol and tobacco use | |||
| Mean (SD) alcohol use in grams, past yearb | 1248.93 (2147.34) | 688.72 (1735.64) | −1.30 |
| Mean (SD) cigarette consumption, past yearb | 281.47 (873.00) | 1794.54 (2808.63) | 3.23*** |
| Clinical Measures | |||
| Duration of illness in years | -- | 12.87 (7.58) | |
| Years 1st generation antipsychotic treatment | -- | 0.38 (1.51) | |
| Years 2nd generation antipsychotic treatment | -- | 4.61 (3.70) | |
| Dosage of current antipsychotic medication (converted to milligrams of chlorpromazine) | -- | 510.79 (431.10) | |
| Hallucinations | -- | 2.90 (2.00) | |
| Delusion | -- | 3.10 (1.88) | |
| Bizarre behavior | -- | 1.56 (1.87) | |
| Positive formal thought disorder | -- | 2.24 (1.56) | |
| Affective flattening | -- | 3.29 (1.50) | |
| Alogia | -- | 2.49 (1.70) | |
| Avolition | -- | 3.43 (1.45) | |
| Anhedonia | -- | 3.21 (1.39) | |
| Attention | -- | 2.22 (1.85) | |
a
completed by N=44 CON and N=40 SCZ
b
completed by N=45 CON and N=39 SCZ
p<0.001***