Table 2.

HRpQCT and FEA data for the distal radius (non-weight bearing bone) in Blacks, Asian Americans and Whites

Radius	Black (n=10)	Asian (n=15)	White (n=35)	P	P*	P**
Size Parameters
Cortical Thickness (mm)	0.97 ± 0.10	0.78 ± .06	0.73 ± 0.03	0.01a	0.01ac	0.02a
Cortical Perimeter (mm)	74.5 ± 3.6	65.0 ± 1.5	68.7 ± 0.9	0.005c	0.02ac	0.06
Cortical Area (mm2)	59.4 ± 3.9	50.1 ± 3.7	49.4 ± 1.6	0.05a	0.05a	0.16
% Cortical Area	22.8 ± 1.8	21.5 ± 2.0	18.5 ± 0.8	0.07	0.10	0.15
Microarchitecture Parameters
Cortical Pore Volume (mm3) †	3.91± 0.71	2.95 ± 0.38	4.10 ± 0.42	0.23	0.63	0.26
Cortical Porosity (%)†	0.75 ± 0.11	0.68 ± 0.11	0.90 ± 0.10	0.37	0.54	0.22
Cortical Pore Diameter (mm) †	0.143 ± 0.004	0.138 ± 0.004	0.139 ± 0.001	0.40	0.57	0.94
Trabecular Thickness (mm)	0.082 ± .003	0.072 ± .004	0.072 ± .002	0.05a	0.008ac	0.15
Trabecular Number (mm−1)	2.07 ± 0.08	1.94 ± 0.07	2.03 ± 0.04	0.37	0.20	0.50
Trabecular Separation (mm) †	0.409 ± 0.016	0.456 ± 0.023	0.427 ± 0.011	0.44	0.14	0.38
Density Parameters
Cortical Density (g/mm3) †	841.9 ± 13.4	832.3 ± 23.1	819.0 ± 10.2	0.46	0.59	0.85
Trabecular Density (g/mm3)	202.1 ± 6.2	165.6 ± 8.2	176.6 ± 6.0	0.03c	0.001ac	0.04c
Total Density (g/mm3)†	355.1 ± 14.5	325.6 ± 18.8	308.7 ± 8.9	0.08	0.04a	0.17
Estimated Strength Parameters
Stiffness (kN/m)	90.8 ± 4.7	73.4 ± 4.1	78.3 ± 1.8	0.006ac	0.01ac	0.10
Failure load (kN)	4.59 ± 0.23	3.66 ± 0.19	3.98 ± 0.09	0.008ac	0.005ac	0.07
Apparent modulus †	2319 ± 119	2025 ± 124	1946 ± 55	0.02a	0.01ac	0.14

^aWhite vs. Black p<0.05,

^bWhite vs. Asian p<0.05,

^cBlack vs. Asian p<0.05;

^*Controlled for height;

^**Controlled for height, lean mass, menarchal age and 25(OH)D;

^†Kruskal Wallis test