Cytotoxicity of chitosan/siRNA NPs (weight ratio, 60:1) and HTCC/siRNA NPs (weight ratio, 60:1) in the presence or absence of TPP against Raw 264.7 macrophages and colon-26 cells. (a) Raw 264.7 macrophages for 4 h, (b) Colon-26 cells for 4 h, (c) Raw 264.7 macrophages for 24 h, and (d) Colon-26 cells for 24 h. siRNA were used at a concentration of 100 nM. Toxicity is given as the percentage of viable cells remaining after treatment. Each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. (n=5). Statistical significance was assessed using the Student’s t-test (*P<0.05 and **P<0.01).