Hypothetical model showing potential role of the ngH,K-ATPase in facilitating inhibitory effects of PPIs on IL-13-medicated eotaxin-3 expression. In addition to the canonical IL-13/STAT6 pathway, IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3 expression may be affected by the ngH,K-ATPase activity. The ngH,K-ATPase can be blocked by PPIs and other inhibitors including SCH-28080, ATP12A siRNA, and [K+]e-free solution, resulting in H+,K+-flux and pHi changes, which may affect expression of IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3.