Table 2.
Item level analysis M-CHAT: main effects of diagnosis and sex
(2a) Main effect diagnosisa,* | (2b) Main effect Diagnosisb,* | (2c) Main effect sex in non-ASDc,* | (2d) Main effect sex in ASDd,* | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(β) | S.E | pα | (β) | S.E | pα | (β) | S.E | pα | (β) | S.E | p | |
1. Enjoy being swung/bounced | 1.6 | 0.4 | <0.001* | −0.9 | 0.5 | 0.105 | −0.2 | 0.1 | 0.025 | −0.6 | 1.2 | 0.600 |
2. Interest in other children | 2.6 | 0.3 | <0.001* | 0.09 | 0.5 | 0.846 | −0.4 | 0.2 | 0.008 | −0.8 | 1.0 | 0.469 |
3. Enjoy climbing on things | 2.6 | 0.3 | <0.001* | −0.4 | 0.5 | 0.409 | 0.4 | 0.1 | <0.001* | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.424 |
4. Enjoy peek-a-boo | 1.7 | 0.4 | <0.001* | −2.0 | 0.6 | 0.001* | −0.3 | 0.1 | 0.032 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.735 |
5. Pretend play | 2.5 | 0.2 | <0.001* | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.044 | −0.9 | 0.1 | <0.001* | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.412 |
6. Point to ask for something | 2.1 | 0.2 | <0.001* | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.509 | −0.1 | 0.1 | 0.307 | −0.7 | 0.7 | 0.298 |
7. Point to indicate interest | 2.2 | 0.2 | <0.001* | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.468 | −0.01 | 0.1 | 0.802 | −1.5 | 0.8 | 0.062 |
8. Functional play with objects | 2.5 | 0.2 | <0.001* | −0.6 | 0.5 | 0.195 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.136 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.202 |
9. Show objects to others | 2.7 | 0.2 | <0.001* | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.187 | −0.3 | 0.01 | <0.001* | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.384 |
10. Eye contact | 1.1 | 0.3 | <0.001* | −2.7 | 0.5 | <0.001* | −0.4 | 0.01 | <0.001* | −0.6 | 0.9 | 0.526 |
11. Oversensitive to noise | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.980 | −3.1 | 0.4 | <0.001* | −0.05 | 0.02 | 0.050 | −0.0 | 0.6 | 0.953 |
12. Response to smile | 2.2 | 0.6 | <0.001* | −1.6 | 0.8 | 0.034 | 0.08 | 0.2 | 0.691 | −0.8 | 1.5 | 0.584 |
13. Imitation | 1.3 | 0.2 | <0.001* | −0.7 | 0.307 | 0.018 | −0.5 | 0.04 | <0.001* | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.036* |
14. Response to name | 2.5 | 2.5 | <0.001* | −0.7 | 0.5 | 0.194 | −0.2 | 0.1 | 0.028 | −0.2 | 0.9 | 0.791 |
15. Follow to point | 2.1 | 0.3 | <0.001* | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.331 | −0.4 | 0.1 | <0.001* | −2.4 | 0.9 | 0.011* |
16. Walk unaided | 2.3 | 0.2 | <0.001* | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.766 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.362 |
17. Look at things you are looking at | 2.0 | 0.2 | <0.001* | −1.3 | 0.5 | 0.006 | −0.2 | 0.1 | 0.003 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.701 |
18. Unusual finger/hand movements | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.002* | −2.0 | 0.4 | <0.001* | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.202 | −0.2 | 0.6 | 0.779 |
19. Attract attention to play/activity | 1.7 | 0.2 | <0.001* | −1.0 | 0.4 | 0.014 | −0.1 | 0.1 | 0.052 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.798 |
20. Suspected deafness | 1.4 | 0.2 | <0.001* | −2.0 | 0.5 | <0.001* | −0.3 | 0.1 | <0.001* | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.660 |
21. Understand speech | 2.4 | 0.3 | <0.001* | −0.7 | 0.5 | 0.112 | −0.4 | 0.1 | <0.001* | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.459 |
22. Stare at nothing | 0.8 | 0.2 | <0.001* | −0.9 | 0.3 | <0.001* | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.080 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.956 |
23. Check parents reaction | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.004 | −1.9 | 0.3 | <0.001* | −0.1 | 0.03 | 0.001* | −0.3 | 0.6 | 0.659 |
β values: positive beta values indicate a higher likelihood of failure for ASD-females. Negative values express lower likelihood of failure
*Significant, α p < 0.00217, bold item refer to Robins et al. (2001) six critical items
aMain effect of diagnosis without controlling for #item failed on M-CHAT
bMain effect of diagnosis shown after controlling for #item failed on M-CHAT
cMain effect of sex in non-ASD shown after controlling for #item failed on M-CHAT
dMain effect of sex in ASD shown after controlling for #item failed on M-CHAT