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. 2016 Oct 12;47(1):80–89. doi: 10.1007/s10803-016-2914-2

Table 1.

Rates and odds ratios (with 95 % confidence interval) for substance use-related problems in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) probands and matched non-ASD population controls

Substance-related problem Probands Unexposed individuals Univariate analysis Multivariate analysisa
Patients with ASD N = 26,986 n (%) Non-ASD individuals N = 1,349,300 n (%) Crude OR (95 % CI) Adjusted OR (95 % CI)
Any problem 1079 (4.0) 17,643 (1.3) 3.3 (3.1–3.6)*** 2.6 (2.4–2.7)***
Substance use disorder 980 (3.6) 10,228 (0.8) 5.2 (4.9–5.6)*** 3.9 (3.6–4.2)***
Alcohol 574 (2.1) 7519 (0.6) 4.0 (3.7–4.4)*** 3.1 (2.8–3.4)***
Drugs 579 (2.1) 3638 (0.3) 8.5 (7.7–9.3)*** 5.6 (5.1–6.2)***
Tobacco 17 (0.1) 134 (0.0) 6.4 (3.8–10.5)*** 4.6 (2.8–7.8)***
Crime 259 (1.0) 9687 (0.7) 1.4 (1.2–1.5)*** 1.1 (1.0-1.2)
Somatic disease 7 (0.0) 59 (0.0) 5.9 (2.7–13.0)*** 4.3 (1.9–9.7)***
Death 6 (0.0) 99 (0.0) 3.0 (1.3–6.9)** 2.0 (0.9–4.6)

***p value <0.001

aAdjustment for parental education, family income and substance use disorder prior to ASD diagnosis