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. 2016 Nov 10;14(1):37–65. doi: 10.1007/s10388-016-0556-2

Fig. 2-11.

Fig. 2-11

Macroscopic findings: superficial type (0 type). a Type 0-Ip (superficial and protruding type, pedunculated): The tumor is well demarcated and has a narrow base. b Type 0-Ip (superficial and protruding type, pedunculated): The well-demarcated, protruding tumor has an irregular and nodular surface. c Type 0-Is (superficial and protruding type, sessile): the surface of this ill-demarcated tumor is mostly covered by the normal epithelium. d Type 0-IIa (slightly elevated type): the tumor is only slightly elevated from the mucosa. Its color is generally white. e Type 0-IIb (flat type): there are only minute irregularities and no macroscopic abnormal features. f Type 0-IIb (flat type) (iodine-stained view of e) the superficial tumor can now be seen unstained by iodine. g Type IIc (slightly depressed type): the superficial depressed lesion has no clear margin and a finely granular surface. h (iodine-stained view of g): the superficial tumor is unstained by iodine. i Type 0-IIc (slightly depressed type): the superficial depressed lesion has an irregular margin. j Type 0-III (superficial and depressed type): the deeply depressed lesion with a slightly elevated margin suggests invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae. k Type 0-IIc+”0-IIa” (superficial spreading type): the widespread slightly depressed red lesion (0-IIc) has a slightly elevated lesion (0-IIa) in its center, suggesting invasion into the submucosal layer. The lesion, more than 5 cm in length, is defined as the superficial spreading type. l Type 0-IIc+”0-IIa” (superficial spreading type) (iodine-stained view of k): the reddish depressed lesion is not stained with iodine solution. m Type 0-IIc + “0-Ip”: the well-demarcated protruding tumor with a narrow base (0-Ip) has a slightly depressed lesion (0-IIc) in the surrounding area. This macroscopic appearance is characterized as carcinosarcoma