Table 1A. Comparison of baseline characteristics of patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).
| All (n=21 591) | DM patients (n=4426) | Non-DM patients (n=17 165) | Pa (non-DM vs. DM) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 10 670 (49.4) | 2474 (55.9) | 8196 (47.7) | <0.0001 |
| Age, years | 64.9±11.9 | 66.1±10.8 | 64.5±12.1 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index, kg m−2 | 24.3±3.7 | 25.2±4.0 | 24.0±3.5 | <0.0001 |
| Duration of hypertension, years | 5.0±4.4 | 6.2±4.4 | 4.7±4.4 | <0.0001 |
| History of cerebro- or cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 2269 (10.5) | 655 (14.8) | 1614 (9.4) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 1432 (6.6) | 377 (8.5) | 1055 (6.1) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 981 (4.5) | 330 (7.5) | 651 (3.8) | <0.0001 |
| Complications | ||||
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 9626 (44.6) | 2825 (63.8) | 6801 (39.6) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 4346 (20.1) | 1245 (28.1) | 3101 (18.1) | <0.0001 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 2654 (12.3) | 595 (13.4) | 2059 (12.0) | <0.0001 |
| Regular alcohol drinkers, n (%) | 3473 (16.1) | 703 (15.9) | 2770 (16.1) | 0.32 |
| Previous antihypertensive drug use, n (%) | 10 872 (50.4) | 2805 (63.4) | 8067 (47.0) | <0.0001 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 7783 (36.0) | 1995 (45.1) | 5788 (33.7) | <0.0001 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 4581 (21.2) | 1401 (31.7) | 3180 (18.5) | <0.0001 |
| β-Blocker | 1380 (6.4) | 341 (7.7) | 1039 (6.1) | <0.0001 |
| Diuretic | 1260 (5.8) | 381 (8.6) | 879 (5.1) | <0.0001 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 785 (3.6) | 273 (6.2) | 512 (3.0) | <0.0001 |
| α-Blocker | 470 (2.2) | 160 (3.6) | 310 (1.8) | <0.0001 |
| Other antihypertensive drugs | 97 (0.4) | 35 (0.8) | 62 (0.4) | 0.0001 |
| Clinic measurements | ||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 153.6±19.0 | 151.2±18.3 | 154.2±19.1 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 87.1±13.3 | 83.1±13.0 | 88.2±13.2 | <0.0001 |
| Pulse rate, beats per min | 74.0±11.2 | 74.8±11.5 | 73.8±11.1 | <0.0001 |
| Home measurements (morning) | ||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 151.2±16.3 | 148.9±16.1 | 151.8±16.3 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 86.9±11.7 | 82.9±11.5 | 88.0±11.5 | <0.0001 |
| Pulse rate, beats per min | 70.7±9.8 | 71.0±10.3 | 70.7±9.7 | 0.18 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg dl−1 | 106.0±29.8 | 136.0±46.6 | 97.6±14.5 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c, % (NGSP) | 6.19±1.09 | 7.16±1.22 | 5.64±0.44 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR, ml min−1 per 1.73 m2 | 72.4±20.2 | 71.6±21.9 | 72.6±19.7 | 0.008 |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program.
a
Categorical data analyzed by χ2 test and quantitative data by unpaired t-test.