Table 1B. Comparison of baseline characteristics of patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).
| All (n=21 428) | CKD patients (n=4346) | Non-CKD patients (n=17 082) | Pa (non-CKD vs. CKD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 10 572 (49.3) | 2088 (48.0) | 8484 (49.7) | 0.06 |
| Age, years | 64.9±11.9 | 70.5±11.0 | 63.4±11.7 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index, kg m−2 | 24.3±3.7 | 24.2±3.7 | 24.3±3.7 | 0.25 |
| Duration of hypertension, years | 5.0±4.4 | 6.4±4.4 | 4.6±4.4 | <0.0001 |
| History of cerebro- or cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 2237 (10.4) | 737 (17.0) | 1500 (8.8) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 1415 (6.6) | 421 (9.7) | 994 (5.8) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 963 (4.5) | 376 (8.7) | 587 (3.4) | <0.0001 |
| Complications | ||||
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 9531 (44.5) | 2299 (52.9) | 7232 (42.3) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4353 (20.3) | 1245 (28.6) | 3108 (18.2) | <0.0001 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 2633 (12.3) | 361 (8.3) | 2272 (13.3) | <0.0001 |
| Regular alcohol drinkers, n (%) | 3458 (16.1) | 485 (11.2) | 2973 (17.4) | <0.0001 |
| Previous antihypertensive drug use | 10 779 (50.3) | 2748 (63.2) | 8031 (47.0) | <0.0001 |
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 7717 (36.0) | 1979 (45.5) | 5738 (33.6) | <0.0001 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 4537 (21.2) | 1237 (28.5) | 3300 (19.3) | <0.0001 |
| β-Blocker | 1363 (6.4) | 454 (10.4) | 909 (5.3) | <0.0001 |
| Diuretic | 1243 (5.8) | 447 (10.3) | 796 (4.7) | <0.0001 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 778 (3.6) | 250 (5.8) | 528 (3.1) | <0.0001 |
| α-Blocker | 460 (2.1) | 188 (4.3) | 272 (1.6) | <0.0001 |
| Other antihypertensive drugs | 96 (0.4) | 49 (1.1) | 47 (0.3) | <0.0001 |
| Clinic measurements | ||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 153.6±18.9 | 151.4±19.8 | 154.2±18.7 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 87.2±13.3 | 83.4±13.5 | 88.1±13.1 | <0.0001 |
| Pulse rate, beats per min | 74.0±11.2 | 73.6±11.7 | 74.1±11.0 | 0.02 |
| Home measurements (morning) | ||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 151.2±16.2 | 149.7±17.2 | 151.6±16.0 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 87.0±11.6 | 83.4±11.8 | 87.9±11.4 | <0.0001 |
| Pulse rate, beats per min | 70.7±9.8 | 70.2±10.2 | 70.9±9.7 | 0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg dl−1 | 105.9±29.7 | 108.4±30.3 | 105.2±29.5 | 0.0002 |
| eGFR, ml min−1 per 1.73 m2 | 72.3±20.2 | 50.5±13.5 | 79.8±16.4 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
a
Categorical data analyzed by χ2 test and quantitative data by unpaired t-test.