Table 1.
Sibling Pair Simulations of Family-Biased Ascertainment
| M | n | Sibling Set | Prevalence | Set | ATT | MLM | CARAT | LTMLM | LT-Fam |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10,000 | 5,000 | unbiased | 50% | causal | 17.269 (0.305) | 16.88 (0.300) | 18.420 (0.328) | 16.022 (0.285) | 16.248 (0.29) |
| null | 1.108 (0.002) | 1.061 (0.002) | 1.155 (0.002) | 1.003 (0.001) | 1.016 (0.001) | ||||
| all | 1.189 (0.002) | 1.140 (0.002) | 1.242 (0.003) | 1.078 (0.002) | 1.092 (0.002) | ||||
| all λGC | 1.109 (0.002) | 1.076 (0.001) | 1.168 (0.001) | 1.017 (0.001) | 1.028 (0.002) | ||||
| 10% | causal | 20.506 (0.429) | 19.653 (0.406) | 23.509 (0.483) | 20.437 (0.423) | 19.652 (0.405) | |||
| null | 1.071 (0.002) | 0.996 (0.001) | 1.196 (0.002) | 1.035 (0.001) | 1.011 (0.001) | ||||
| all | 1.169 (0.003) | 1.090 (0.003) | 1.308 (0.003) | 1.132 (0.003) | 1.104 (0.003) | ||||
| all λGC | 1.085 (0.003) | 1.001 (0.004) | 1.201 (0.005) | 1.041 (0.005) | 1.016 (0.004) | ||||
| 1% | causal | 32.611 (0.66) | 29.559 (0.599) | 40.353 (0.818) | 35.477 (0.718) | 31.732 (0.643) | |||
| null | 1.044 (0.001) | 0.950 (0.001) | 1.325 (0.002) | 1.107 (0.002) | 1.008 (0.001) | ||||
| all | 1.202 (0.004) | 1.093 (0.004) | 1.520 (0.005) | 1.279 (0.005) | 1.161 (0.004) | ||||
| all λGC | 1.052 (0.008) | 0.958 (0.006) | 1.337 (0.004) | 1.115 (0.003) | 1.016 (0.002) | ||||
| concord | 50% | causal | 27.672 (0.532) | 21.674 (0.416) | 35.959 (0.689) | 15.253 (0.294) | 18.555 (0.357) | ||
| null | 1.499 (0.002) | 1.216 (0.002) | 2.508 (0.004) | 1.15 (0.002) | 1.004 (0.001) | ||||
| all | 1.630 (0.004) | 1.318 (0.003) | 2.675 (0.005) | 1.220 (0.002) | 1.092 (0.003) | ||||
| all λGC | 1.517 (0.003) | 1.229 (0.004) | 2.543 (0.006) | 1.174 (0.002) | 1.014 (0.002) | ||||
| 10% | causal | 39.438 (0.768) | 29.49 (0.576) | 49.191 (0.961) | 25.060 (0.526) | 26.563 (0.521) | |||
| null | 1.504 (0.002) | 1.172 (0.002) | 2.555 (0.004) | 1.199 (0.002) | 1.007 (0.001) | ||||
| all | 1.694 (0.005) | 1.313 (0.004) | 2.788 (0.007) | 1.318 (0.004) | 1.135 (0.003) | ||||
| all λGC | 1.520 (0.004) | 1.186 (0.004) | 2.578 (0.007) | 1.203 (0.016) | 1.018 (0.002) | ||||
| 1% | causal | 72.563 (1.376) | 48.691 (0.934) | 84.012 (1.614) | 69.386 (1.337) | 49.357 (0.951) | |||
| null | 1.500 (0.002) | 1.051 (0.001) | 2.649 (0.004) | 1.444 (0.002) | 1.005 (0.001) | ||||
| all | 1.856 (0.009) | 1.290 (0.006) | 3.056 (0.011) | 1.784 (0.008) | 1.247 (0.006) | ||||
| all λGC | 1.513 (0.003) | 1.064 (0.005) | 2.680 (0.008) | 1.458 (0.003) | 1.014 (0.002) | ||||
| discord | 50% | causal | 5.994 (0.120) | 5.994 (0.120) | 11.262 (0.226) | NA | 12.113 (0.242) | ||
| null | 0.500 (0.001) | 0.500 (0.001) | 0.942 (0.001) | NA | 1.014 (0.001) | ||||
| all | 0.527 (0.001) | 0.527 (0.001) | 0.994 (0.002) | NA | 1.069 (0.002) | ||||
| all λGC | 0.505 (0.001) | 0.505 (0.001) | 0.951 (0.003) | NA | 1.024 (0.003) | ||||
| 10% | causal | 8.032 (0.161) | 8.032 (0.161) | 14.929 (0.300) | NA | 16.171 (0.324) | |||
| null | 0.500 (0.001) | 0.500 (0.001) | 0.930 (0.001) | NA | 1.010 (0.001) | ||||
| all | 0.537 (0.001) | 0.537 (0.001) | 1.000 (0.002) | NA | 1.086 (0.002) | ||||
| all λGC | 0.506 (0.001) | 0.506 (0.001) | 0.945 (0.003) | NA | 1.020 (0.002) | ||||
| 1% | causal | 13.011 (0.269) | 13.011 (0.269) | 23.301 (0.483) | 8.950 (0.184) | 26.044 (0.538) | |||
| null | 0.500 (0.001) | 0.500 (0.001) | 0.894 (0.001) | 0.692 (0.001) | 1.005 (0.001) | ||||
| all | 0.563 (0.002) | 0.563 (0.002) | 1.007 (0.003) | 0.733 (0.001) | 1.130 (0.004) | ||||
| all λGC | 0.505 (0.001) | 0.505 (0.001) | 0.903 (0.003) | 0.699 (0.006) | 1.014 (0.002) |
We report average association statistics (S.E. in parentheses) at causal markers, null markers, and all markers, as well as λGC computed using all markers, for each method at various simulation parameter settings. NA indicates either lack of convergence or a singular phenotypic covariance matrix.