Table 5.
List of candidate genes with differential expression in three Panax ginseng cultivars
| Enzyme | No. | ID of candidate genes from P. ginsenga | FPKM |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CS | SH | CP | |||
| Glycolysis pathway | |||||
| Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) | 1 | Pg_Root115165_c0_seq8 b | 3.51 ± 0.33 | 0.95 ± 0.67 | 6.39 |
| 2 | Pg_Root111379_c0_seq1 b | 619.89 ± 174.76 | 1133.21 ± 50.76 | 710.45 | |
| Phosphopyruvate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.11) | 3 | Pg_Root114308_c0_seq1 | 71.14 ± 7.63 | 73.18 ± 7.43 | 26.6 |
| 4 | Pg_Root123973_c0_seq21 | 84.72 ± 15.64 | 162.85 ± 35.61 | 25.55 | |
| Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism | |||||
| Alanine–glyoxylate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.44) | 5 | Pg_Root127493_c1_seq3 | 106.5 ± 12.43 | 30.82 ± 2.77 | 11.53 |
| Aspartate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1) | 6 | Pg_Root118729_c0_seq1 | 0.92 ± 1.3 | 0.52 ± 0.74 | 7.83 |
| Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.24) | 7 | Pg_Root111075_c0_seq7 | 31.23 ± 12.41 | 6.67 ± 5.33 | 68.34 |
| 8 | Pg_Root110835_c0_seq14 | 1.26 ± 0.92 | 6.77 ± 1.74 | 5.83 | |
| Glutamine synthase (EC 6.3.1.2) | 9 | Pg_Root126266_c2_seq14 | 11.24 ± 2.42 | 15.24 ± 0.98 | 1.96 |
| 10 | Pg_Root126266_c2_seq17 | 7.03 ± 3.66 | 5.73 ± 1.15 | 23.05 | |
| Valine, Leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis | |||||
| Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.86) | 11 | Pg_Root123419_c1_seq1 | 327.57 ± 32.2 | 450.81 ± 55.83 | 205.72 |
| Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism | |||||
| l-Threonine aldolase (EC 4.1.2.5) | 12 | Pg_Root127874_c0_seq2 | 12.68 ± 3.8 | 25.55 ± 1.98 | 20.04 |
| Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | |||||
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) | 13 | Pg_Root120502_c0_seq11 | 67.61 ± 12.48 | 32.67 ± 2.83 | 61.48 |
| 14 | Pg_Root120502_c0_seq16 b | 19.06 ± 1.1 | 14.24 ± 4.82 | 47.2 | |
| Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) | 15 | Pg_Root118760_c1_seq1 | 4.9 ± 0.54 | 0.78 ± 1.11 | 1.8 |
| Fructose and mannose metabolism | |||||
| Xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) | 16 | Pg_Root123272_c0_seq20 b | 51.98 ± 10.23 | 42.88 ± 6.29 | 110.22 |
| Sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.14) | 17 | Pg_Root111773_c0_seq1 b | 118.64 ± 7.39 | 39.05 ± 10.19 | 34.76 |
| 18 | Pg_Root104286_c0_seq1 b | 617.39 ± 34.81 | 355.12 ± 39.18 | 232.37 | |
| Aldo-keto reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) | 19 | Pg_Root118679_c0_seq18 | 4.13 ± 5.84 | 0 | 27.6 |
| Arginine and proline metabolism | |||||
| Argininosuccinate synthase (EC 6.3.4.5) | 20 | Pg_Root123415_c0_seq10 b | 6.95 ± 4.89 | 9.23 ± 3.61 | 55.98 |
| Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (EC 1.5.1.2) | 21 | Pg_Root121216_c0_seq15 | 3.37 ± 2.67 | 12.48 ± 1.84 | 14.32 |
CP = Chunpoong; CS = Cheongsun; FPKM = fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments; SH = Sunhyang.
a
Unigenes had significantly different FPKM values among CS, SH and CP according to analysis of variance test (p < 0.05).
b
Unigenes with cutoff value q < 0.05.