Table 2. Resting and exercise echocardiographic data.
| All patients (n = 75) | Non-EIPH (n = 50, 66.7%) | EIPH (n = 25, 33.3%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resting | ||||
| LVESVI, mL/m2 | 27.0 ± 6.4 | 27.9 ± 6.7 | 25.4 ± 5.6 | 0.14 |
| LVEDVI, mL/m2 | 81.1 ± 17.8 | 82.1 ± 18.3 | 79.1 ± 17.0 | 0.54 |
| LVEF, % | 67.6 ± 4.7 | 67.1 ± 4.7 | 68.6 ± 4.6 | 0.16 |
| E-wave velocity, cm/s | 105.5 ± 27.4 | 101.2 ± 24.4 | 114.2 ± 31.3 | 0.11 |
| A-wave velocity, cm/s | 67.2 ± 16.9 | 64.9 ± 16.2 | 72.0 ± 17.6 | 0.07 |
| E/A ratio | 1.66 ± 0.60 | 1.69 ± 0.62 | 1.59 ± 0.56 | 0.48 |
| E/E’ | 11.5 ± 3.6 | 11.1 ± 3.4 | 12.4 ± 3.9 | 0.09 |
| LAVI, mL/m2 | 54.2 ± 18.9 | 52.8 ± 18.9 | 56.9 ± 18.8 | 0.36 |
| Severe MR | 35 (46.7) | 22 (44.0) | 13 (52.0) | 0.51 |
| EROA, mm2 | 0.41 ± 0.12 | 0.41 ± 0.13 | 0.42 ± 0.11 | 0.57 |
| Regurgitant volume, mL | 62.0 ± 18.1 | 61.6 ± 19.6 | 62.9 ± 14.8 | 0.53 |
| PASP, mmHg | 28.8 ± 4.4 | 28.1 ± 4.1 | 30.1 ± 4.7 | 0.09 |
| Stroke volume, mL | 59.0 ± 12.4 | 60.2 ± 12.0 | 56.7 ± 13.0 | 0.28 |
| Cardiac output, L | 4.05 ± 0.90 | 4.10 ± 0.97 | 3.94 ± 0.77 | 0.65 |
| Peak exercise | ||||
| LVESVI, mL/m2 | 24.8 ± 6.3 | 24.5 ± 6.0 | 25.4 ± 7.0 | 0.88 |
| LVEDVI, mL/m2 | 84.0 ± 16.5 | 82.2 ± 18.0 | 85.4 ± 13.3 | 0.58 |
| LVEF, % | 70.6 ± 5.0 | 70.3 ± 4.9 | 71.3 ± 5.2 | 0.45 |
| E-wave velocity, cm/s | 144.0 ± 27.1 | 140.2 ± 28.8 | 151.4 ± 22.1 | 0.11 |
| A-wave velocity, cm/s | 110.9 ± 25.8 | 108.1 ± 27.9 | 116.6 ± 20.2 | 0.34 |
| E/A ratio | 1.36 ± 0.45 | 1.35 ± 0.50 | 1.38 ± 0.27 | 0.40 |
| E/E’ | 12.0 ± 4.0 | 11.1 ± 3.4 | 13.7 ± 4.6 | 0.01 |
| LAVI, mL/m2 | 49.5 ± 17.8 | 48.4 ± 17.9 | 51.8 ± 17.8 | 0.43 |
| Severe MR | 58 (77.3) | 36 (72.0) | 22 (88.0) | 0.12 |
| EROA, mm2 | 0.49 ± 0.17 | 0.48 ± 0.18 | 0.51 ± 0.16 | 0.21 |
| Regurgitant volume, mL | 65.9 ± 15.9 | 63.9 ± 18.0 | 66.3 ± 10.5 | 0.09 |
| PASP, mmHg | 48.8 ± 12.5 | 41.4 ± 8.2 | 63.3 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Stroke volume, mL | 62.6 ± 14.1 | 64.3 ± 13.7 | 59.3 ± 14.5 | 0.20 |
| Cardiac output, L | 7.71 ± 1.94 | 7.77 ± 1.83 | 7.59 ± 2.19 | 0.80 |
| Delta (peak exercise – resting) | ||||
| ΔEROA, mm2 | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.09 ± 0.14 | 0.13 ± 0.08 | 0.06 |
| ΔRegurgitant volume, mL | 6.0 ± 14.2 | 4.9 ± 15.3 | 8.2 ± 11.9 | 0.35 |
| ΔStroke volume, mL | 3.5 ± 9.3 | 3.9 ± 10.1 | 2.6 ± 7.8 | 0.96 |
| ΔCardiac output, L | 3.66 ± 1.6 | 3.66 ± 1.54 | 3.65 ± 1.77 | 0.99 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or number (percentage), as appropriate.
Abbreviations: EIPH, exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension; EROA, effective regurgitant orifice area; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVEDVI, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESVI, left ventricular end-systolic volume index; MR, mitral regurgitation; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure.