. 2016 Dec 8;53(12):4205–4215. doi: 10.1007/s13197-016-2408-4

Table 3.

Dissipation of pirimiphos methyl residues during yeast fermentation with S. cerevisiae in wheat substrate

Fortification level (mg kg⁻¹)	Residual concentration after sterilization (mg kg⁻¹)^A	Samples^B	Temperature (°C)	Residual concentration (mg kg⁻¹) at different times (days)				k^D(×10⁻¹) day⁻¹
Fortification level (mg kg⁻¹)	Residual concentration after sterilization (mg kg⁻¹)^A	Samples^B	Temperature (°C)	0^C	1 (24 h)	2 (48 h)	3 (72 h)	k^D(×10⁻¹) day⁻¹
5.01	3.22 ± 0.12	Control	23	2.85 ± 0.15	2.62 ± 0.50	2.56 ± 0.03	2.56 ± 0.07	0.58
		Sample I		2.87 ± 0.03	2.10 ± 0.04	2.09 ± 0.06	1.80 ± 0.05	2.09
		Sample II		2.86 ± 0.04	2.11 ± 0.03	2.11 ± 0.05	1.76 ± 0.06	2.06
		Sample III		2.88 ± 0.06	2.08 ± 0.06	2.02 ± 0.06	1.79 ± 0.04	2.20
		Control	30	2.85 ± 0.15	2.64 ± 0.33	2.61 ± 0.19	2.60 ± 0.18	0.50
		Sample I		2.87 ± 0.03	2.11 ± 0.06	1.77 ± 0.05	1.25 ± 0.07	2.75
		Sample II		2.86 ± 0.04	2.09 ± 0.05	1.70 ± 0.05	1.24 ± 0.05	2.84
		Sample III		2.88 ± 0.06	2.08 ± 0.04	1.60 ± 0.03	1.22 ± 0.07	3.02
		Control	37	2.85 ± 0.15	2.63 ± 0.28	2.61 ± 0.29	2.60 ± 0.53	0.52
		Sample I		2.87 ± 0.03	1.75 ± 0.05	1.56 ± 0.06	1.50 ± 0.05	3.39
		Sample II		2.86 ± 0.04	1.72 ± 0.06	1.54 ± 0.05	1.42 ± 0.08	3.50
		Sample III		2.88 ± 0.06	1.72 ± 0.04	1.56 ± 0.05	1.49 ± 0.04	3.47
25.11	14.56 ± 0.21	Control	23	14.31 ± 0.12	11.71 ± 0.14	11.60 ± 0.10	11.29 ± 0.13	1.28
		Sample I		14.25 ± 0.10	10.04 ± 0.25	9.96 ± 0.38	9.66 ± 0.22	2.20
		Sample II		14.13 ± 0.11	10.38 ± 0.29	10.12 ± 0.27	9.74 ± 0.28	2.00
		Sample III		14.53 ± 0.14	10.44 ± 0.26	10.07 ± 0.23	9.87 ± 0.23	2.14
		Control	30	14.31 ± 0.12	11.78 ± 0.15	11.70 ± 0.10	11.50 ± 0.13	1.23
		Sample I		14.25 ± 0.10	9.93 ± 0.18	9.10 ± 0.30	7.89 ± 0.33	2.61
		Sample II		14.13 ± 0.11	10.06 ± 0.20	9.35 ± 0.25	7.62 ± 0.24	2.51
		Sample III		14.53 ± 0.14	10.60 ± 0.15	9.44 ± 0.22	7.74 ± 0.21	2.47
25.11	14.56 ± 0.21	Control	37	14.31 ± 0.12	11.83 ± 0.11	11.37 ± 0.12	11.35 ± 0.15	1.28
		Sample I		14.25 ± 0.10	9.77 ± 0.18	9.43 ± 0.38	8.16 ± 0.27	2.57
		Sample II		14.13 ± 0.11	9.55 ± 0.28	9.47 ± 0.32	7.96 ± 0.25	2.61
		Sample III		14.53 ± 0.14	9.64 ± 0.27	9.38 ± 0.20	8.01 ± 0.25	2.76
75.56	39.29 ± 0.25	Control	23	38.16 ± 0.54	37.81 ± 0.47	36.55 ± 0.55	36.40 ± 0.54	0.16
		Sample I		38.72 ± 0.61	38.46 ± 0.72	33.26 ± 0.61	32.76 ± 0.74	0.46
		Sample II		39.04 ± 0.52	37.90 ± 0.93	33.45 ± 0.57	31.47 ± 0.68	0.60
		Sample III		37.76 ± 0.58	37.86 ± 0.88	33.60 ± 0.60	32.55 ± 0.63	0.35
		Control	30	38.16 ± 0.54	37.32 ± 0.63	37.32 ± 0.58	36.49 ± 0.50	0.16
		Sample I		38.72 ± 0.61	34.04 ± 0.76	32.74 ± 0.64	29.92 ± 0.91	1.00
		Sample II		39.04 ± 0.52	34.56 ± 0.67	31.98 ± 0.75	28.07 ± 0.54	1.11
		Sample III		37.76 ± 0.58	33.42 ± 0.68	30.89 ± 0.61	28.30 ± 0.55	1.06
		Control	37	38.16 ± 0.54	36.78 ± 0.66	35.94 ± 0.64	35.79 ± 0.67	0.29
		Sample I		38.72 ± 0.61	34.65 ± 0.82	30.66 ± 0.94	29.49 ± 0.65	1.06
		Sample II		39.04 ± 0.52	32.58 ± 0.96	29.76 ± 0.65	28.02 ± 0.68	1.42
		Sample III		37.76 ± 0.58	31.89 ± 0.67	29.56 ± 0.69	29.44 ± 0.76	1.25

^APirimiphos methyl (mg kg⁻¹) extracted from samples after sterilization in autoclave was determined at each fortification levels for correction of pesticide concentration level at the beginning of incubation (n = 3)

^BControl wheat sample has no yeast addition, fermented wheat sample I, II and III were inoculated at levels 6, 8 and 10% (v/w) respectively

^CPirimiphos methyl (mg kg⁻¹) extracted from samples at day zero was determined as analytical recovery rates (n = 3)

^DDegradation rate constant