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. 2017 Jan 10;5:4. doi: 10.1186/s40478-016-0405-5

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Reduced P2RY12 expression and nucleus translocation in microglia/macrophages correlated with glioma progression. a: Analysis of GEO databases reveals decrease of P2RY12 mRNA expression with progression of glioma. Results are shown in the median values of P2RY12 mRNA levels. ** P < 0.01; ***P < 0.005. A II: Astrocytoma WHO grade II, AA: Anaplastic Astrocytoma (WHO grade III), GBM: Glioblastoma. b: Immunohistochemical staining for P2RY12 in normal brain and different grades of glioma. Representative pictures were selected from each group. Cells with the P2RY12 signal localized mainly in the cytoplasm display the classic ramified microglial morphology in autopsy brain, A II and AA. Cells with nuclear location of P2RY12 are mainly observed in GBM samples (scale bar: 100 μm). c: Quantification of percentages of P2RY12 positive areas per image field in autopsy brain, A II and GBM. Mean values of each group are indicated. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 ****P < 0.001. d: Confocal images showing CD68 and P2RY12 staining in tissue samples of liver and kidney (scale bar: 50 μm). e: Confocal images showing the spatial relation between CD68 and P2RY12 positive cells in autopsy brain, A II, AA and GBM (scale bar: 50 μm). f: Confocal images showing no overlap between GFAP and P2RY12 staining in astrocytoma grade II (scale bar: 20 μm)