Figure 1.

Timeline. Schematic depicting the experimental timeline. Rats arrived on postnatal day (PND) 24 and were immediately placed on either the control or test diets. Fecal samples for 16S rRNA analysis were collected at PND 35, PND 70 and PND 91. Biotelemetry devices were implanted at PND 59 and 10 days later sleep, body temperature and locomotor activity (LA) measures were continuously recorded until the end of the experiment. On PND 87 rats were exposed to inescapable stress and were placed back in home cages to monitor how the test diet modulated sleep recovery following stress exposure. Finally, body weights, food weights and fecal samples were taken on PND 91 to assess the impact of stress exposure on gross physiology measures and the gut microbiota structure.