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. 2017 Jan 9;15:6. doi: 10.1186/s12951-016-0242-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — CD4⁺ T cell proliferation in lung draining lymph nodes was measured after intra nasal instillation of positively charged (Au⁺; NH2) and negatively charged (Au⁻; COOH) gold NPs or polymer shells alone followed by ovalbumin in a mouse model of ovalbumin induced experimental allergic airways disease. Positively charged gold NPs induced enhanced ovalbumin specific T cell proliferation compared to controls (non-exposed), negatively charged gold NPs or positively charged polymer alone. These findings highlight the importance of surface charge of a biomedical NP in modulating a specific adaptive immune response. Adapted from [11]