Table 4.

Factors associated with infant mortality in Nepal in 2006 (unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio)

	NDHS 2006
Variables	Unadjusted				Adjusted
	COR	95%CI		P value	AOR	95%CI		P value
Community level factors
Region				0.002				0.022
Far-Western	1.770	1.019	3.074	0.043	1.498	0.903	2.483	0.116
Mid-Western	1.931	1.233	3.024	0.004	1.818	1.061	3.118	0.030
Western	0.866	0.446	1.682	0.669	0.810	0.387	1.696	0.573
Central	0.985	0.631	1.539	0.948	1.053	0.632	1.754	0.842
Eastern	1.000				1.000
Ecological Zone				0.004				0.004
Terai	0.553	0.300	1.020	0.058	0.687	0.384	1.229	0.204
Hill	0.361	0.188	0.692	0.002	0.425	0.216	0.834	0.013
Mountain	1.000				1.000
Delivery Assisted				0.014				0.012
Some assistance	0.517	0.360	0.874	0.014	0.496	0.288	0.855	0.012
No assistance	1.000				1.000
Socioeconomic Factors
Maternal occupation				0.003				0.016
Unemployed	0.466	0.284	0.767	0.003	0.537	0.324	0.889	0.016
Employed	1.000				1.000
Maternal Education				0.008
No education	2.194	1.335	3.606	0.022
Incomplete	1.677	0.878	3.205	0.116
primary/Primary Incomplete Secondary/Secondary	1.000
Paternal Education				0.025
No education	2.199	1.240	3.898	0.007
Incomplete	1.659	0.929	2.962	0.086
primary/Primary	1.517	0.844	2.724	0.162
Incomplete Secondary/Secondary Higher	1.000
Maternal Literacy				0.026
Unable to read at all	1.469	1.047	2.061	0.026
Able to read parts or whole sentence	1.000
Wealth Index				0.049
Poorest	1.905	0.946	3.835	0.071
Poorer	1.371	0.644	2.921	0.411
Middle	1.845	0.847	4.019	0.122
Richer	1.081	0.534	2.191	0.827
Richest	1.000
Biomass use				0.001				0.002
Relatively non-polluting	0.208	0.088	0.490	0.001	0.237	0.099	0.571	0.002
Relatively high polluting	1.000
Proximate Factors
Maternal factors
Decision Making on own				0.012
health care need
Respondent alone	0.498	0.299	0.828	0.008
Respondent and	0.796	0.514	1.234	0.306
Husband/partner/other	1.143	0.767	1.701	0.509
Husband/Partner Alone/Someone Else	1.000
Decision Making capacity on money expenditure				0.019
Respondent alone	0.203	0.071	0.581	0.003
Respondent and	0.383	0.130	1.124	0.080
husband/partner/other	0.370	0.140	0.980	0.046
Husband/Partner Alone	1.000
Someone Else
Maternal BMI				0.067
Underweight	2.693	1.161	6.246	0.021
Normal range	2.459	1.131	5.345	0.023
Overweight/Obese	1.000
Mother’s age at marriage				0.093
<16 years	2.208	1.016	4.797	0.045
17–21 years	1.803	0.851	3.819	0.123
>22 years	1.000
Mother’s age at child birth				0.074
<16 years	1.854	1.080	3.184	0.026
17–21 years	1.449	0.941	2.231	0.092
>22 years	1.000
Infant factors
Sex of child				0.419
Male	0.875	0.633	1.211	0.419
Female	1.000
Birth order				0.003
>4th birth rank	0.754	0.507	1.121	0.162
2nd or 3rd birth	0.535	0.375	0.764	0.001
1st birth rank	1.000
Preceding Birth Interval				0.001
<=24 months	2.240	1.592	3.153	0.001
>24 months	1.000
Succeeding Birth Interval				0.001				0.001
<=24 months	5.653	3.729	8.569	0.001	6.694	3.757	11.92	0.001
>24 months	1.000				1.000		5
Baby’s size at birth				0.027
Very large/larger than	0.516	0.304	0.877	0.015
average	0.566	0.358	0.895	0.015
Average	1.000
Very small or smaller than average
Delivery factors
Place of delivery				0.027
Home	1.781	1.108	2.863	0.017
Health Facility	1.000
Delivery assisted by				0.001				0.016
Professional	0.276	0.127	0.599	0.001	0.374	0.148	0.944	0.038
TBA	0.522	0.312	0.873	0.014	0.619	0.306	1.254	0.182
Combined	1.593	0.639	3.972	0.315	2.027	0.710	5.782	0.185
No assistance	1.000				1.000
Mode of Delivery				0.060
Normal delivery	3.520	0.945	13.108	0.060
Caesarean Section	1.000
Currently breastfeeding				0.001				0.001
No	1.773	1.333	2.358	0.001	2.650	1.928	3.645	0.001
Yes	1.000				1.000

Abbreviations: COR crude odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio