Table 2.
Bivariate analysis of the factors related to sick leave request
| Categories | Sick leave |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No |
Yes |
p Value | ||||
| Variables | n | % (95 CI) | n | % (95 CI) | ||
| Sociodemographic data | ||||||
| Sex (N=206) | N=141 | N=65 | ||||
| Male | 30 | 21.3 (14.2 to 28.4) | 19 | 29.2 (17.4 to 41) | 0.21* | |
| Female | 111 | 78.7 (71.6 to 85.8) | 46 | 70.8 (58.9 to 82.6) | ||
| Age (N=206) | N=141 | N=65 | ||||
| 18–44 | 58 | 41.1 (32.6 to 49.6) | 32 | 49.2 (36.3 to 62.1) | 0.276* | |
| 45–64 | 83 | 58.9 (50.4 to 67.3) | 33 | 50.8 (37.8 to 63.7) | ||
| Educational level (N=203) | N=139 | N=64 | ||||
| No education received | 12 | 8.6 (3.6 to 13.6) | 1 | 1.6 (0 to 8.4) | 0.007* | |
| Primary studies | 37 | 26.6 (18.9 to 34.3) | 11 | 17.2 (7.2 to 27.2) | ||
| Secondary studies | 50 | 36.0 (27.6 to 44.3) | 17 | 26.6 (15 to 38.2) | ||
| Vocational training | 19 | 13.7 (7.6 to 19.7) | 17 | 26.6 (15 to 38.2) | ||
| University studies | 21 | 15.1(8.8 to 21.4) | 18 | 28.1 (16.3 to 39.9) | ||
| Pain | ||||||
| Duration of pain (months) (N=205) | N=141 | N=64 | ||||
| Mean (95% CI) (SD) | 92.3 (76.2 to 108.3) (96.3) | 113.8 (83.6 to 143.9) (120.7) | 0.345† | |||
| Number of pain sites (N=205) | N=140 | N=65 | ||||
| 1 location | 81 | 57.9 (49.3 to 66.4) | 36 | 55.4 (42.5 to 68.2) | 0.739* | |
| More than 1 location | 59 | 42.1 (33.6 to 50.7) | 29 | 44.6 (31.7 to 57.5) | ||
| The most affected pain site (N=205) | N=140 | N=65 | ||||
| Widespread pain | 19 | 13.6 (7.5 to 19.6) | 15 | 23.1 (12.1 to 34.1) | 0.043‡ | |
| Head | 20 | 14.3 (8.1 to 20.4) | 2 | 3.1 (0.4 to 10.7) | ||
| Neck (cervical vertebrae) | 13 | 9.3 (4.1 to 14.4) | 4 | 6.2 (1.7 to 15) | ||
| Back | 27 | 19.3 (12.4 to 26.2) | 21 | 32.3 (20.2 to 44.4) | ||
| Limbs and/or joints | 50 | 35.7 (27.4 to 44) | 17 | 26.2 (14.7 to 37.6) | ||
| Chest | 2 | 1.4 (0.2 to 5.1) | 2 | 3.1 (0.4 to 10.7) | ||
| Abdomen | 6 | 4.3 (0.6 to 8) | 2 | 3.1 (0.4 to 10.7) | ||
| Other | 3 | 2.1 (0.4 to 6.1) | 2 | 3.1 (0.4 to 10.7) | ||
| Pain intensity (N=204) | N=140 | N=64 | 0.028* | |||
| Slight or very slight | 8 | 5.7 (1.5 to 9.9) | 3 | 4.7 (1 to 13.1) | ||
| Moderate | 73 | 52.1 (43.5 to 60.8) | 21 | 32.8 (20.5 to 45.1) | ||
| Severe | 45 | 32.1 (24 to 40.2) | 26 | 40.6 (27.8 to 53.4) | ||
| Unbearable | 14 | 10.0 (4.7 to 15.3) | 14 | 21.9 (11 to 32.8) | ||
| Number of medical pain consultations the last year (N=193) | N=128 | N=65 | 0.059† | |||
| Mean (95% CI) (SD) | 3.34 (2.7 to 4) (3.7) | 4.32 (3.1 to 5.5) (5.0) | ||||
| Currently taking pain medication (N=206) | N=141 | N=65 | 0.022* | |||
| No | 53 | 37.6 (29.2 to 45.9) | 14 | 21.5 (10.8 to 32.3) | ||
| Yes | 88 | 62.4 (54.1 to 70.8) | 51 | 78.5 (67.7 to 89.2) | ||
| Opinion on the care received (N=190) | N=128 | N=62 | 0.149* | |||
| Very unsatisfied | 5 | 3.9 (1.3 to 8.9) | 7 | 11.3 (2.6 to 20) | ||
| Unsatisfied | 15 | 11.7 (5.7 to 17.7) | 6 | 9.7 (1.5 to 17.8) | ||
| Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 20 | 15.6 (8.9 to 22.3) | 13 | 21.0 (10 to 31.9) | ||
| Satisfied | 62 | 48.4 (39.4 to 57.5) | 21 | 33.9 (21.3 to 46.4) | ||
| Very satisfied | 26 | 20.3 (12.9 to 27.7) | 15 | 24.2 (12.7 to 35.7) | ||
| Mood | ||||||
| Sadness (N=206) | N=141 | N=65 | 0.029* | |||
| Not at all | 49 | 34.8 (26.5 to 43) | 12 | 18.5 (8.7 to 30) | ||
| A little | 23 | 16.3 (9.8 to 22.7) | 12 | 18.5 (8.7 to 30) | ||
| Some | 35 | 24.8 (17.3 to 32.3) | 16 | 24.6 (14.1 to 37.5) | ||
| Quite a lot | 24 | 17.0 (10.5 to 23.6) | 12 | 18.5 (8.7 to 30) | ||
| A lot | 10 | 7.1 (2.5 to 11.7) | 13 | 20.0 (10 to 31.9) | ||
| Anxiety and distress (N=205) | N=141 | N=64 | 0.020* | |||
| Not at all | 51 | 36.2 (27.9 to 44.4) | 12 | 18.8 (8.4 to 29.1) | ||
| A little | 26 | 18.4 (11.7 to 25.2) | 12 | 18.8 (8.4 to 29.1) | ||
| Some | 27 | 19.1 (12.3 to 26) | 14 | 21.9 (11 to 32.8) | ||
| Quite a lot | 26 | 18.4 (11.7 to 25.2) | 12 | 18.8 (8.4 to 29.1) | ||
| A lot | 11 | 7.8 (3 to 12.6) | 14 | 21.9 (11 to 32.8) | ||
| Family and social environment | ||||||
| The individual considers that his/her pain affects his/her family (N=206) | N=141 | N=65 | 0.056* | |||
| Not at all | 81 | 57.4 (49 to 66) | 27 | 41.5 (28.8 to 54.3) | ||
| A little | 17 | 12.1 (6.3 to 17.8) | 10 | 15.4 (5.8 to 24.9) | ||
| Some | 24 | 17.0 (10.5 to 23.6) | 14 | 21.5 (10.8 to 32.3) | ||
| Quite a lot | 12 | 8.5 (3.5 to 13.5) | 13 | 20.0 (9.5 to 30.5) | ||
| A lot | 7 | 5.0 (1 to 8.9) | 1 | 1.5 (0 to 8.3) | ||
| Impact on relationships with friends (N=205) | N=140 | N=65 | 0.202‡ | |||
| The relationship has been lost because of the pain | 4 | 2.9 (0.8 to 7.1) | 3 | 4.6 (0.9 to 12.9) | ||
| The relationship has deteriorated | 22 | 15.7 (9.3 to 22.1) | 15 | 23.1 (12.1 to 34.1) | ||
| Nothing has changed in the relationship | 114 | 81.4 (14.6 to 88.2) | 46 | 70.8 (59 to 82.6) | ||
| The relationship has improved | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.5 (0 to 8.3) | ||
| Satisfaction with the support received from the family (N=206) | N=141 | N=65 | 0.834‡ | |||
| Very unsatisfied | 3 | 2.1 (0.4 to 6.1) | 1 | 1.5 (0 to 8.3) | ||
| Unsatisfied | 4 | 2.8 (0.8 to 7.1) | 3 | 4.6 (0.9 to 12.9) | ||
| Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 23 | 16.3 (9.8 to 22.8) | 14 | 21.5 (10.8 to 32.3) | ||
| Satisfied | 61 | 43.3 (34.7 to 51.8) | 27 | 41.5 (28.8 to 54.3) | ||
| Very satisfied | 50 | 35.5 (27.2 to 43.7) | 20 | 30.8 (18.8 to 42.7) | ||
*Pearson χ2 test.
†Mann-Whitney U test.
‡Verisimilitude ratio.