Table 1.
Maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes among patients with complications and control populations
| HDP/GDM (n=188) | NW (n=1122) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | 30.56±3.47 | 29.55±3.13 | <0.001 |
| Educational levels (years) | 15.88±1.69 | 15.86±1.45 | 0.851 |
| Primiparous-n (%) | 168 (89.4%) | 1001 (89.2%) | 0.952 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI-n (%) | 22.07±2.93 | 20.79±2.9 | <0.001 |
| <18.5 (kg/m2) | 12 (6.4%) | 123 (11.0%) | <0.001 |
| 18.5–24.9 (kg/m2) | 149 (79.3%) | 938 (83.9%) | |
| 25.0–29.9 (kg/m2) | 24 (12.8%) | 56 (5.0%) | |
| ≥30.0 (kg/m2) | 3 (1.6%) | 1 (0.1%) | |
| Fasting glucose at blood test 1 (mmol/L) | 4.59±0.42 | 4.45±0.36 | <0.001 |
| GW at blood test 1 | 12.41±0.45 | 12.41±0.48 | 0.986 |
| GW at blood test 2 | 24.93±0.88 | 24.97±0.94 | 0.599 |
| GW at blood test 3 | 32.56±0.95 | 32.64±1 | 0.297 |
| Delivery gestation (GW) | 39.12±0.99 | 39.5±1.17 | <0.001 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3351.25±412.74 | 3350.03±412.74 | 0.970 |
| Placenta weight (g) | 647.63±216.19 | 643.91±198.78 | 0.815 |
| Caesarean section-n (%) | 84 (44.7%) | 381 (34.0%) | 0.004 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 87 (46.3%) | 582 (51.9%) | 0.156 |
| Preterm delivery (34–37 weeks) | 4 (2.1%) | 28 (2.5%) | 0.762 |
| Birth weight ≥4000 g, n (%) | 13 (6.9%) | 75 (6.7%) | 0.907 |
BMI, body mass index; GW, gestational week; HDP/GDM, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP)/gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); NW, normal women.