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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016 Oct 19;169:117–127. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.015

Table 5.

Adjusted analysis of past-year treatment service use among persons aged ≥12 years with past-year opioid use disorder: 2005–2013 NSDUH (n=5,977*)

Treatment type Alcohol/drug use treatment service use† Drug use treatment service use† Opioid use treatment service use†
Adjusted odds ratio, AOR AOR 95% CI AOR 95% CI AOR 95% CI
Race/ethnicity (vs. white)
 Black 0.73 0.47–1.14 0.50 0.31–0.80 0.47 0.29–0.77
 Native-American 1.14 0.56–2.32 1.16 0.55–2.45 1.32 0.57–3.05
 Native-Hawaiian/Pacific-Islander/Asian-American 0.23 0.08–0.64 0.22 0.08–0.67 0.09 0.03–0.31
 Mixed-race 0.98 0.52–1.85 1.09 0.56–2.16 0.91 0.42–1.98
 Hispanic 0.81 0.55–1.20 0.75 0.49–1.14 0.79 0.48–1.30
Age in years (vs. 12–17)
 18–25 1.19 0.95–1.51 1.26 1.00–1.60 1.80 1.45–2.25
 26–34 1.19 0.86–1.64 1.20 0.87–1.65 1.72 1.26–2.36
 35–49 1.74 1.21–2.50 1.96 1.34–2.86 2.65 1.78–3.94
 50+ 1.33 0.70–2.50 1.27 0.63–2.56 2.34 1.19–4.60
Sex (female vs. male) 1.03 0.81–1.31 1.04 0.80–1.36 1.30 0.96–1.76
Total annual family income (vs. <$50,000)
 $50,000–$74,999 0.82 0.60–1.14 0.83 0.59–1.18 0.68 0.46–1.02
 $75,000+ 1.11 0.81–1.53 1.16 0.85–1.57 1.10 0.79–1.54
Population density (vs. large metropolitan)
 Small metropolitan 0.74 0.59–0.94 0.79 0.62–1.00 0.80 0.61–1.05
 Nonmetropolitan 1.02 0.59–1.78 1.16 0.66–2.04 1.15 0.64–2.06
Health insurance (vs. none)
 Private 1.31 0.97–1.75 1.23 0.93–1.64 1.29 0.95–1.76
 Public 1.89 1.42–2.52 1.86 1.41–2.45 1.57 1.17–2.10
Heroin use disorder (yes vs. no) 5.12 4.12–6.37 5.20 4.10–6.59 6.23 4.78–8.12
Major depressive episode – past year (yes vs. no) 1.58 1.21–2.06 1.51 1.16–1.98 1.40 1.04–1.89
Nicotine dependence – current (yes vs. no) 1.96 1.54–2.49 1.80 1.40–2.31 1.78 1.32–2.39
Alcohol use disorder – past year (yes vs. no) 1.15 0.92–1.44 0.93 0.75–1.16 0.78 0.63–0.98
Other drug use disorder-past year** (yes vs. no) 2.00 1.54–2.61 2.17 1.70–2.79 1.84 1.39–2.45
Year (vs. 2005)
 2006 1.45 0.91–2.31 1.55 0.93–2.56 1.25 0.74–2.12
 2007 1.40 0.84–2.33 1.00 0.60–1.67 1.11 0.65–1.89
 2008 1.03 0.66–1.62 0.99 0.63–1.56 1.02 0.62–1.69
 2009 1.28 0.86–1.89 1.14 0.73–1.79 1.25 0.79–2.00
 2010 1.29 0.83–2.00 1.04 0.66–1.62 0.88 0.55–1.42
 2011 1.63 1.07–2.48 1.53 0.97–2.42 1.51 0.95–2.39
 2012 1.59 1.10–2.32 1.56 1.06–2.30 1.67 1.11–2.50
 2013 1.22 0.74–2.00 1.13 0.66–1.93 1.20 0.72–2.01
*

The sample was 5,977 (148 respondents with missing data on major depressive episode were excluded).

**

Other drug included illicit drugs other than opioid and heroin.

†

Each adjusted logistic regression included all variables listed in the first column. CI: confidence interval. AOR: adjusted odds ratio. Boldfaced: P<0.05.