Table 1.
Characteristics of intracerebral hemorrhage from a direct carotid-cavernous fistula
| Author/year | Age/Sex | Location | Engorged vein | SPS hypoplasty | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bartlow and Penn (1975)1) | 60/M | Lt. Frontal | Subfrontal pial vein | − | TAE | GR |
| Vaghi et al. (1983)13) | 68/M | Rt. Frontal | Frontal cortical vein, SOV | Unknown | Direct surgery | MD |
| d’Angelo et al. (1983)2) | 54/M | Lt. Frontal | Frontal cortical vein, SOV | Unknown | Balloon occlusion | MD |
| Turner et al. (1983)12) | 41/F | Rt. Temporal | SMCV | − | Balloon occlusion | GR |
| Teng et al. (1991)11) | 81/F | Midbrain, Lt. hypothalamus | APMV, vein in rostral prepontine vein | Unknown | None | Death |
| Teng et al. (1991)11) | 36/M | Temporo-parietal, Midbrain | Proximal SPS, sphenoparietal sinus | + | Balloon occlusion | GR |
| Teng et al. (1991)11) | 41/F | Pons | Veins in pontine parenchyma | + | TAE | GR |
| Murata et al. (2003)7) | 38/M | Cerebello-pontine angle | Petrosal vein, Lateral ponto- mesencephalic vein | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Moon and Kang (2005)6) | 54/M | Rt. Fronto-parietal | SMCV, DCV | − | Balloon occlusion | GR |
| Hayashi et al. (2011)3) | 45/F | Lt. frontal | SOV, SMCV | − | TVE, TAE | MD |
| Present case | 63/F | Lt. Cerebellum | SOV, petrosal vein Proximal SPS | + | TAE, TVE | MD |
SOV: superior ophthalmic vein, APMV: anterior pontomesencephalic vein, SMCV: superficial middle cerebral vein, DCV: deep cerebral vein, TVE: transvenous embolization, TAE: transarterial embolization, SPS: superior petrosal sinus, GR: good recovery, MD: moderate disability