Table 1.

Brain abscess cases caused by idiopathic pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas

Authors and year	Age	Sex	Symptoms of pulmonary AVF	Multiplicity of AVF	Multiplicity of brain abscess	Organisms	Comments
Arivazhagan et al. (2009)2)	20	M	Asymptomatic polycythemia	Single	Multiple when the 3rd recurrence	Anaerobic growth of Peptostreptococci, nonhemolytic streptococci	Three recurrences of brain abscess
	40	M	Finger clubbing	Single	Single	No growth	Three recurrences of brain abscess
	45	M	Polycythemia, hypoxemia, finger clubbing	Single	Single	No growth	NC
Kawano et al. (2009)16)	52	M	Asymptomatic	Single	Single	Streptococcus intermedius
Kakar et al. (2003)14)	18	M	Cyanosis, clubbing, polycythemia	Multiple	Multiple	No growth
Kaido et al. (2011)13)	69	F	Asymptomatic	Single	Single	No growth	Recurrent brain abscess
Caroli et al. (1992)4)	35	M	Asymptomatic	Single	Single	Eikenella/Fusobacterium	Recurrent brain abscess
Momma et al. (1990)21)	50	M	Asymptomatic	Single	Single	Anaerobic G+ streptococci
Ratcliffe and Earl (1982)24)	49	F	Asymptomatic	Multiple	Single	Mixed growth of bacteroides, haemophilus and anaerobic streptococci	Recurrent brain abscess
Watanabe et al. (1995)28)	45	F	Asymptomatic	Single	Single	Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods
Preston and Shapiro (2001)23)	23	F	Asymptomatic	Single	Single	Gram-positive cocci Streptococcus millieri
Present study	65	F	Asymptomatic	Multiple	Single	No growth
	45	F	Asymptomatic	Single	Single	No growth

AVF : arteriovenous fistula