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Schematic overview of the anticancer effects of fasting and its substitutes, namely pharmacological agents that mimic the biochemical effects of starvation (caloric restriction mimetics) or a specific formulation of nutrient that mimics fasting (fasting mimicking diet). Note that the scheme constitutes a working hypothesis. Connections that appear particularly uncertain are marked with question marks. CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; Treg, regulatory T cell.
