Table 2.

Biological activities of the CLA isomers.

CLA Isomer	Effects	Reference
C18:2 cis-9, trans-11; trans-10,cis-12 (1:1)	Decrease in breast tumor development	[50,51]
	Increased antioxidant activity	[50]
	Inhibitory effects on various types of cancer, such as breast, skin, stomach, intestinal, and ovarian	[52,53]
	Immunoregulatory effects	[18]
	Decrease in body fat mass	[17,54,55,56,57]
	Decreased sagittal abdominal diameter (cm)	[58]
	Modulation of the inflammatory response	[59,60]
	Increased lean body mass	[55,61]
	Decreased glucose levels	[14]
	Decrease in body fat mass in specific region (legs)	[61]
	Decreased waist-hip ratio	[61]
C18:2 cis-9, trans-11	Positive influence on biochemical markers associated with Alzheimer’s disease	[62,63]
	Anti-osteoporotic effects	[16]
	Anti-atherosclerotic effects	[15]
C18:2 trans-10, cis-12	Inhibitory effects on the development of ovarian cancer	[13]
	Inhibitory effects on prostate cancer	[53]