2D	Two-dimensional
3D	Three-dimensional
β-gal	β-galactosidase
ABTS	2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)
AFM	Atomic force microscopy
B-DNA	Double-helical DNA in B-form (geometry attribute)
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
dsDNA	double-stranded DNA
DX	Double-crossover
eGFP	Enhanced green fluorescent protein
FRET	Förster resonance energy Transfer
G6pDH	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GOx	Glucose oxidase
HRP	Horseradish peroxidase
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
LUC	Lucia luciferase
MDH	Malate dehydrogenase
NAD+	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized)
NADH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)
nt	nucleotide
NTV	NeutrAvidin
OAA	Oxaloacetate
OAD	Oxaloacetate decarboxylase
PDMAEMA	Poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
PMS	Phenazine methosulfate
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
ssDNA	Single-stranded DNA
TMB	3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
XDR	Xylitol dehydrogenase
XR	Xylose reductase