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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 10.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet. 2016 Oct 8;388(10053):1725–1774. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31575-6

Figure 3. Leading 30 causes of global under-5 deaths for both sexes combined for 1990, 2005, and 2015 at GBD cause hierarchy Level 3.

Figure 3

Causes are connected by lines between time periods. For the periods 1990–2005 and 2005–15, two measures of change are shown: percent change in the number of under-5 deaths and percent change in the under-5 mortality rate. Changes that are statistically significant are shown in bold. Neonatal preterm birth=preterm birth complications. Neonatal encephalopathy=neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma. Neonatal sepsis=neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections. Neonatal haemolytic=haemolytic disease and other neonatal jaundice. STDs=sexually transmitted diseases. Intestinal infectious=intestinal nematode infections. Foreign body=pulmonary aspiration due to foreign body in the airway. COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Fire and heat=injuries due to fire, heat, and hot substances. War and legal intervention=collective violence and legal intervention.