Table 3.

Codes, Sample Responses, and Percentage of Children Displaying Understanding on the Gratitude Vignettes

Components	Description	Sample responses	Cat	Sweater
			%	%
Positive feelings	0 No	[Child] was sad (or angry, scared, cold etc.).
	1 Yes	[Child] was happy (or good, thankful etc.).	53.3	76.7
Relation with benefactor	0 No	CAT: Because she got her cat back.
		SWEATER: Because she got a sweater.
	1 Yes	CAT: Because her aunt helped her.	7.0
		SWEATER: Because Jane shared her sweater with her.		54.6
Should help	0 No	No.
	1 Yes	Yes.	92.1	76.9
Reason to help	1 Social custom	CAT: Because this is what people do.	24.2
		SWEATER: Because we are supposed to share scissors.		13.4
	2 Potential negative consequences	CAT: If she [Nicky] doesn’t, it will take her [Aunt Anne] a long time.	43.2
		SWEATER: Because Jane will get yelled at.		45.4
	3 Returning the favor in appreciation of benefactor	CAT: Because Aunt Anne helped her find her cat.	23.2
		SWEATER: Because Jane let Danielle borrow her sweater.		17.6