Table 3.
Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratios (and 95% Confidence Intervals) of Teen Pregnancy Among Female Respondents (n= 5,972) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Wave IV (2008)
| Model 1a | Model 2 a | Model 3 a | Model 4 a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] | |
| Sexual Orientation b | ||||
| 100% Heterosexual | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mostly Heterosexual | 1.15 (0.93,1.43) | 1.21+ (0.97,1.51) | 1.14 (0.91,1.44) | 1.01 (0.80,1.28) |
| Bisexual | 2.20*** (1.40,3.45) | 1.89** (1.18,3.03) | 1.70* (1.05,2.75) | 1.62+ (0.98,2.69) |
| Lesbian | 0.54 (0.25,1.20) | 0.41* (0.19,0.89) | 0.41* (0.19,0.88) | 0.47* (0.23,0.97) |
|
| ||||
| Bisexual vs. Mostly Heterosexual (ref) | 1.91** (1.20, 3.02) | 1.56+ (0.97, 2.52) | 1.49 (0.91, 2.43) | 1.60+ (0.94, 2.74) |
| Lesbian vs. Mostly Heterosexual (ref) | 0.47+ (0.21, 1.06) | 0.34** (0.16, 0.74) | 0.36** (0.16, 0.78) | 0.46* (0.21, 0.99) |
| Lesbian vs. Bisexual (ref) | 0.25** (0.10, 0.62) | 0.22** (0.09, 0.54) | 0.24** (0.10, 0.60) | 0.29** (0.12, 0.71) |
|
| ||||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Hispanic | 1.56** (1.14,2.14) | 1.61** (1.18,2.19) | 1.68*** (1.25,2.27) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.61** (1.20,2.16) | 1.69*** (1.26,2.28) | 1.45** (1.10,1.91) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 1.18 (0.79,1.76) | 1.18 (0.79,1.76) | 1.32 (0.93,1.86) | |
| Wave IV Age | 0.93** (0.89,0.98) | 0.93** (0.88,0.98) | 0.94* (0.89,0.99) | |
| Adolescent Family Structure | ||||
| Two Bio-Parents | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Other Two Parents | 1.65*** (1.37,2.00) | 1.57*** (1.31,1.90) | 1.34** (1.10,1.63) | |
| Single Parent | 1.47*** (1.21,1.78) | 1.43*** (1.18,1.73) | 1.29* (1.04,1.59) | |
| Other | 3.43*** (2.35,5.02) | 3.17*** (2.18,4.61) | 2.69*** (1.86,3.90) | |
| Parental Educational Attainment | ||||
| Less than High School | 2.52*** (1.89,3.35) | 2.51*** (1.89,3.35) | 2.30*** (1.70,3.11) | |
| HS diploma/GED | 2.12*** (1.65,2.72) | 2.10*** (1.64,2.70) | 1.91*** (1.47,2.49) | |
| Some College | 1.94*** (1.51,2.51) | 1.93*** (1.49,2.49) | 1.80*** (1.39,2.35) | |
| Bachelor’s or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Adolescent Neighborhood Poverty | ||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Medium | 1.17 (0.96,1.43) | 1.16 (0.95,1.41) | 1.22+ (1.00,1.50) | |
| High | 1.35* (1.05,1.74) | 1.33* (1.04,1.71) | 1.40** (1.10,1.78) | |
| Adolescent Neighborhood Urbanicity | ||||
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Urban | 1.14 (0.93,1.39) | 1.14 (0.93,1.39) | 1.07 (0.88,1.31) | |
| Adolescent Parental Relationship Quality | 0.94*** (0.92,0.97) | 0.95*** (0.92,0.97) | 0.97* (0.94,0.99) | |
| Childhood Sexual Abuse | 1.28 (0.93,1.78) | 1.12 (0.80,1.56) | ||
| Coerced Sexual Encounter c | 1.23 (0.94,1.60) | 1.10 (0.84,1.43) | ||
| Physically-Forced Sexual Encounter c | 1.64*** (1.23,2.17) | 1.41* (1.06,1.88) | ||
| Age of First Vaginal Intercourse | 0.77*** (0.72,0.83) | |||
| Effective Contraception Use | 0.35*** (0.28,0.42) | |||
| Pre-18 Male Sexual Partner Count | 1.01 (0.99,1.02) | |||
| Pre-18 Female Sexual Partner Count | 0.75* (0.58,0.97) | |||
OR= Odds Ratio; AOR= Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI= Confidence Interval
p<0.05;
p<0.01;
p<0.001
All results weighted to reflect Add Health sample design
All models reflect odds of teen pregnancy (relative to none) associated with sexual orientation, controlling for all variables listed in the corresponding column. Teen pregnancy defined as pregnancy occurring prior to age 20, as retrospectively reported at the Wave IV interview
Sexual Orientation Identity based on self-report at Wave IV; “100% Homosexual” and “Mostly Homosexual” identity collapsed into single group, labeled “Lesbian”
Coerced (e.g. non-physically) and physically-forced sexual encounters were limited to those that occurred prior to age 20