Table 4.
Crude and Adjusted Relative Risk Ratios (and 95% Confidence Intervals) of Timing of Teen Pregnancy Among Female Respondents (n=5,972) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Wave IV (2008).
| MODEL 1a | MODEL 2 a | MODEL 3 a | MODEL 4 a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Late (18–19) | Early (<18) | Late (18–19) | Early (<18) | Late (18–19) | Early (<18) | Late (18–19) | Early (<18) | |
| RRR [95% CI] | RRR [95% CI] | RRR [95% CI] | RRR [95% CI] | RRR [95% CI] | RRR [95% CI] | RRR [95% CI] | RRR [95% CI] | |
| Sexual Orientation b | ||||||||
| 100% Heterosexual | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mostly Heterosexual | 1.21 (0.94,1.56) | 1.08 (0.78,1.50) | 1.25+ (0.97,1.62) | 1.16 (0.84,1.61) | 1.20 (0.92,1.56) | 1.08 (0.78,1.48) | 1.14 (0.87,1.49) | 0.87 (0.62,1.22) |
| Bisexual | 1.70 (0.89,3.24) | 2.79*** (1.59,4.90) | 1.52 (0.78,2.95) | 2.31** (1.33,4.04) | 1.39 (0.70,2.75) | 2.04* (1.17,3.56) | 1.50 (0.77,2.91) | 1.71+ (0.91,3.21) |
| Lesbian | 0.49 (0.15,1.58) | 0.60 (0.24,1.49) | 0.39+ (0.13,1.20) | 0.44+ (0.18,1.11) | 0.38+ (0.12,1.18) | 0.43+ (0.17,1.09) | 0.53 (0.19,1.48) | 0.39+ (0.14,1.11) |
|
| ||||||||
| Bisexual vs. Mostly Heterosexual (ref.) | 1.40 (0.72, 2.72) | 2.58*** (1.47, 4.52) | 1.21 (0.61, 2.40) | 1.99* (1.14, 3.45) | 1.16 (0.57, 2.35) | 1.90* (1.08, 3.35) | 1.32 (0.66, 2.63) | 1.97* (1.00, 3.88) |
| Lesbian vs. Mostly Heterosexual (ref.) | 0.41 (0.13, 1.31) | 0.56 (0.21,1.45) | 0.31* (0.10, 0.95) | 0.38+ (0.15, 1.01) | 0.32* (0.10, 0.98) | 0.40+ (0.15, 1.07) | 0.47 (0.17, 1.31) | 0.45 (0.14, 1.41) |
| Lesbian vs. Bisexual (ref.) | 0.29+ (0.08, 1.02) | 0.22** (0.07, 0.65) | 0.25* (0.07, 0.88) | 0.19** (0.06, 0.59) | 0.27* (0.08, 0.95) | 0.21** (0.07, 0.65) | 0.36+ (0.11, 1.12) | 0.23* (0.06, 0.79) |
|
| ||||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Hispanic | 1.40+ (0.99,2.00) | 1.75** (1.19,2.58) | 1.45* (1.02,2.07) | 1.79** (1.22,2.61) | 1.50* (1.06,2.10) | 1.94*** (1.33,2.84) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.57** (1.16,2.14) | 1.67** (1.16,2.39) | 1.64** (1.20,2.26) | 1.77** (1.23,2.53) | 1.41* (1.04,1.90) | 1.49* (1.05,2.13) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Other | 1.24 (0.84,1.81) | 1.12 (0.62,2.00) | 1.25 (0.85,1.83) | 1.09 (0.60,1.98) | 1.35+ (0.96,1.91) | 1.29 (0.76,2.20) | ||
| Wave IV Age | 0.95+ (0.90,1.00) | 0.91** (0.85,0.97) | 0.95+ (0.90,1.01) | 0.91** (0.85,0.97) | 0.95+ (0.90,1.01) | 0.91* (0.85,0.98) | ||
| Adolescent Family Structure | ||||||||
| Two Bio-Parents | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Other Two Parents | 1.83*** (1.46,2.29) | 1.46** (1.12,1.90) | 1.75*** (1.39,2.19) | 1.38* (1.06,1.79) | 1.55*** (1.24,1.94) | 1.10 (0.83,1.46) | ||
| Single Parent | 1.55** (1.20,2.02) | 1.38* (1.06,1.78) | 1.51** (1.16,1.97) | 1.33* (1.03,1.73) | 1.42* (1.08,1.87) | 1.14 (0.86,1.52) | ||
| Other | 3.64*** (2.41,5.52) | 3.19*** (1.90,5.34) | 3.42*** (2.25,5.19) | 2.88*** (1.75,4.74) | 3.09*** (2.05,4.67) | 2.28** (1.40,3.73) | ||
| Parental Educational Attainment | ||||||||
| Less than High School | 2.16*** (1.48,3.16) | 2.94*** (2.08,4.15) | 2.14*** (1.47,3.11) | 2.96*** (2.10,4.19) | 2.04*** (1.40,2.97) | 2.62*** (1.79,3.84) | ||
| HS diploma/GED | 2.08*** (1.55,2.78) | 2.18*** (1.59,2.98) | 2.06*** (1.54,2.76) | 2.16*** (1.58,2.96) | 1.95*** (1.43,2.64) | 1.88*** (1.36,2.61) | ||
| Some College | 1.94*** (1.45,2.60) | 1.95*** (1.40,2.72) | 1.92*** (1.44,2.57) | 1.93*** (1.38,2.70) | 1.84*** (1.37,2.46) | 1.76** (1.23,2.51) | ||
| Bachelor’s or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Adolescent Neighborhood Poverty | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Medium | 1.17 (0.92,1.49) | 1.17 (0.89,1.55) | 1.16 (0.91,1.47) | 1.16 (0.87,1.53) | 1.20 (0.94,1.53) | 1.26 (0.94,1.68) | ||
| High | 1.19 (0.91,1.55) | 1.55** (1.12,2.17) | 1.18 (0.91,1.54) | 1.53* (1.11,2.12) | 1.21 (0.95,1.54) | 1.70** (1.21,2.39) | ||
| Adolescent Neighborhood Urbanicity | ||||||||
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Urban | 1.08 (0.89,1.32) | 1.21 (0.92,1.59) | 1.08 (0.89,1.32) | 1.21 (0.92,1.58) | 1.04 (0.85,1.27) | 1.10 (0.84,1.43) | ||
| Adolescent Parental Relationship Quality | 0.96** (0.93,0.99) | 0.92*** (0.89,0.96) | 0.96* (0.93,0.99) | 0.93*** (0.90,0.96) | 0.98 (0.95,1.01) | 0.95** (0.91,0.99) | ||
| Childhood Sexual Abuse | 1.10 (0.75,1.60) | 1.53* (1.04,2.26) | 1.05 (0.74,1.51) | 1.19 (0.76,1.87) | ||||
| Coerced Sexual Encounter c | 1.22 (0.88,1.70) | 1.24 (0.85,1.80) | 1.14 (0.83,1.57) | 1.04 (0.70,1.54) | ||||
| Physically-Forced Sexual Encounter c | 1.65*** (1.24,2.20) | 1.62* (1.04,2.54) | 1.47** (1.10,1.97) | 1.34 (0.84,2.13) | ||||
| Age of First Vaginal Intercourse | 0.86*** (0.80,0.92) | 0.68*** (0.60,0.77) | ||||||
| Effective Contraception Use | 0.33*** (0.26,0.41) | 0.37*** (0.29,0.48) | ||||||
| Pre-18 Male Sexual Partner Count | 1.00 (0.99,1.02) | 1.01 (0.99,1.03) | ||||||
| Pre-18 Female Sexual Partner Count | 0.65** (0.47,0.90) | 0.83 (0.67,1.04) | ||||||
RRR= Relative Risk Ratio; CI= Confidence Interval
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01;
***
p<0.001
All results weighted to reflect Add Health sample design.
a
All models reflect relative risk ratios (RRR) of early (prior to age 18) or late (age 18–19) teen pregnancy, relative to referent category of no teen pregnancy, associated with sexual orientation, controlling for all variables listed in the corresponding column.
b
Sexual Orientation Identity based on self-report at Wave IV; “100% Homosexual” and “Mostly Homosexual” identity collapsed into single group, labeled “Lesbian”
c
Coerced (e.g. non-physically) and physically-forced sexual encounters were limited to those that occurred prior to age 20