Table 4.
Current and Lifetime Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Measures of Cancer-Related Quality of Life Indicators (Symptoms of Depression, Stress, FACIT-Sp and FACT-G and FACIT-SP): Mean Score (Standard Error) by IPV form (MANCOVA)
| Mean Score (Standard Error) for Cancer-Related Quality of Life (QOL) Indicator by IPV timing and form IPV Timinga |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer QOL Indicators |
No IPV | Past IPV Alone | Current IPV |
| MANCOVA Model 1c,d |
(n=2057) | (n=963) | n=258 |
| Depressive symptoms g | 1.58 (0.06)REF | 2.25 (0.07)f | 2.72 (0.11)f,g |
| By Age at Diagnosis | |||
| <55 (n=1251) | 1.77 (0.10)REF | 2.59 (0.11)f | 2.79 (0.16)f, g |
| 55–64 (n=1174) | 1.56 (0.09)REF | 2.10 (0.11)f | 2.67 (0.18)f, g |
| 65+ (n=853) | 1.24 (0.11)REF | 1.76 (0.15)f | 2.67 (0.25)f, g |
| Perceived Stress Scale h | |||
| Within 2 month after diagnosis | 4.16 (0.10)REF | 5.09 (0.12)f | 5.43 (0.20)f |
| By Age at Diagnosis | |||
| <55 (n=1251) | 4.78 (0.18) REF | 5.90 (0.19)f | 6.02 (0.29)f |
| 55–64 (n=1174) | 4.17 (0.17)REF | 5.16 (0.20)f | 5.56 (0.33)f |
| 65+ (n=853) | 3.25 (0.21)REF | 3.67 (0.28) | 4.34 (0.48)f |
| Stress, in month before interview | 3.09 (0.09)REF | 3.77 (0.10)f | 4.92 (0.16)f, g |
| By Age at Diagnosis | |||
| <55 (n=1251) | 3.54 (0.15)REF | 4.16 (0.16)f | 5.23 (0.25)f, g |
| 55–64 (n=1174) | 2.98 (0.15)REF | 3.79 (0.17)f | 4.64 (0.28)f, g |
| 65+ (n=853) | 2.61 (0.17)REF | 3.15 (0.23)f | 5.03 (0.40)f, g |
| MANCOVA Model 2 i | |||
| -FACIT-Sp j | 31.17 (0.17)REF | 30.01 (0.21) | 27.69 (0.33)f, g |
| By Age at Diagnosis | |||
| <55 (n=1251) | 30.43 (0.30)REF | 29.21 (0.30)f | 27.14 (0.50)f, g |
| 55–64 (n=1174) | 30.43 (0.30)REF | 30.36 (0.34)f | 28.14 (0.56)f, g |
| 65+ (n=853) | 32.09 (0.32)REF | 30.98 (0.44)f | 27.78 (0.75)f, g |
| -FACT-G Total (Summed) Scalek | 63.10 (0.40)REF | 59.03 (0.47)f | 53.94 (0.75)f, g |
| By Age at Diagnosis | |||
| <55 (n=1251) | 61.46 (0.71)REF | 57.07 (0.76)f | 52.35 (1.16)f, g |
| 55–64 (n=1174) | 63.09 (0.66)REF | 59.22 (0.76)f | 55.22 (1.25)f, g |
| 65+ (n=853) | 65.58 (0.72)REF | 61.48 (0.93)f | 54.58 (1.67)f, g |
| MANCOVA Model 3 l by -FACT Subscalesm | |||
| Physical Functioning | 13.65 (0.15)REF | 12.55 (0.18)f | 11.81 (0.29)f, g |
| Work/Life Functioning | 17.9 (0.13)REF | 16.02 (0.15)f | 15.27 (0.25)f, g |
| Emotional Functioning | 13.97 (0.12)REF | 13.07 (0.14)f | 11.80 (0.23)f, g |
| Social Functioning | 18.39 (0.11)REF | 17.39 (0.13)f | 15.07 (0.21)f, g |
| MANCOVA Model 4o | |||
| -FACIT-Sp | 31.33 (0.17)REF | 30.01 (0.21)f | 28.08 (0.35)f, g |
| -FACT-G Sum Scale | 64.98 (0.40)REF | 59.03 (0.47)f | 56.17 (0.84)f, g |
| MANCOVA Model 5 p by FACT-G Subscales | |||
| Physical Functioning | 15.07 (0.16)REF | 13.45 (0.19)f | 13.25 (0.32)f |
| Work/Life Functioning | 17.40 (0.13)REF | 16.12 (0.15)f | 15.69 (0.27)f, g |
| Emotional Functioning | 13.85 (0.12)REF | 12.27 (0.14)f | 11.77 (0.26)f, g |
| Social Functioning | 18.66 (0.11) | 17.05 (0.13)f | 15.63 (0.23)f, g |
| Lifetime IPV by formb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer QOL Indicators | Any form | Sexual | Physical | Psychological |
| MANCOVA Model 1c, d | N=1221 | N=346 | N=802 | N=1099 |
| Depressive symptoms g | 2.35 (0.06)f | 2.58 (0.10)f | 2.36 (0.07)f | 2.39 (0.06)f |
| Perceived Stress Scale h | ||||
| Within 2 month after diagnosis | 5.17 (0.11)f | 5.39 (0.18)f | 5.21 (0.13)f | 5.23 (0.12)f |
| In the month before interview | 4.04 (0.10)f | 4.34 (0.15)f | 4.10 (0.11)f | 4.11 (0.10)f |
| MANCOVA Model 2 i | ||||
| -FACIT-Sp j | 29.49 (0.19)f | 29.16 (0.30)f | 29.31 (0.22)f | 29.34 (0.20)f |
| -FACT-G Total (Summed) Scale k | 57.86 (0.43)f | 55.89 (0.67)f | 57.55 (0.48)f | 57.46 (0.45)f |
| MANCOVA Model 3 l By FACT-G Subscales m | ||||
| Physical Functioning | 12.38 (0.17)f | 11.71 (0.26)f | 12.23 (0.19)f | 12.29 (0.17)f |
| Work/Life Functioning | 15.85 (0.14)f | 15.36 (0.22)f | 15.70 (0.16)f | 15.75 (0.15)f |
| Emotional Functioning | 12.78 (0.13)f | 12.44 (0.20)f | 12.82 (0.15)f | 12.67 (0.14)f |
| Social Functioning | 16.86 (0.12)f | 16.37 (0.19)f | 16.80 (0.14)f | 16.73 (0.13)f |
| MANCOVA Model 4 o | ||||
| -FACIT-Sp | 29.70 (0.19)f | 29.03 (0.32)f | 29.47 (0.22)f | 29.62 (0.20)f |
| -FACT-G Total Scale | 59.59 (0.44)f | 57.18 (0.75)f | 59.18 (0.53)f | 59.32 (0.46)f |
| MANCOVA Model 5p By FACT-G Subscales | ||||
| Physical Functioning | 13.73 (0.17)f | 13.03 (0.29)f | 13.60 (0.20)f | 13.62 (0.18)f |
| Work/Life Functioning | 16.16 (0.14)f | 15.52 (0.24)f | 15.98 (0.17)f | 16.10 (0.15)f |
| Emotional Functioning | 12.61 (0.13)f | 12.29 (0.23)f | 12.64 (0.16)f | 12.56 (0.14)f |
| Social Functioning | 17.09 (0.12)f | 16.33 (0.21)f | 16.95 (0.15)f | 17.04 (0.13)f |
IPV by a current partner comparisons made as follows: Any Current IPV form (sexual, physical, or psychological IPV) versus No Lifetime IPV and relative to Past IPV ‘alone’
Lifetime IPV by any partner comparisons made as follows: Any Lifetime IPV form (sexual, physical, or psychological IPV by a current) versus No Lifetime IPV; Sexual IPV versus No Lifetime IPV, Physical IPV versus No Lifetime IPV; Psychological IPV versus No Lifetime IPV
All MANCOVA models were adjusted for age (in years at diagnosis), family monthly income (1=<$1000, 2=$1000–1999, 3=$2000–$2999, 4=$3000–3999,5=$4000–4999, 6=≥$5000), cancer type (included in models as 1=cancers for which an early detection screening is widely available (i.e., breast, colorectal or cervical cancers) versus 0=all other cancer forms), current smoking status (1= current smoker, 0=current non-smoker), Cancer Registry State (1= North Carolina, 0= Kentucky), current marital status (1=currently married, 0=all other marital status), stage at diagnosis (1=localized, 2=regional, direct extension 3=regional, 4= metastasis), and number of comorbid physical health conditions, and number of days between cancer diagnosis and interview
MANCOVA model 1 includes the following three outcomes as dependent variables: symptoms of depression, perceived stress within 2 months after cancer diagnosis and stress in the prior month before phone interview.
Depression symptoms measured with an abbreviated version of the Brief Symptoms Inventory: 5 items, Cronbach’s ɑ =0.804, Range 0=5; Unadjusted Mean = 1.67)
compares mean scores with no IPV as referent group; statistically significant at p<.01
compares mean scores with past IPV as referent group; statistically significant at p<.01
Symptoms of stress measured with 3 items of the 4 item Perceive Stress Scale (PSS) asked for two time frames within 2 months following cancer diagnosis (Cronbach’s ɑ =0.673; Range 0=12; Unadjusted Mean = 4.51, and at in the month prior to the phone interview (Cronbach’s ɑ =0.653); Range 0–12; Unadjusted Mean =3.23)
MANCOVA model 2 includes the following two outcomes as dependent variables: FACT-G and FACIT-SP
Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being (FACIT-Sp) Psychometrics: 12 items, Cronbach’s ɑ=0.816; Range 2–36; Unadjusted Mean=31.34.
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G): four subscales were summed to create a total score Psychometrics: 27 items; Cronbach’s α=0.905, Range 10–81; Unadjusted Mean=64.00.
MANCOVA model 3 includes the following four FACT-G subscales as correlated dependent variables: physical, social/family, emotional, and work/life functioning
FACT-G subscales and psychometrics: physical functioning (7 items, Range 0–21; Mean=14.38; Cronbach’s ɑ=0.817), work/life functional status (7 items: Range 0–21; M=17.30, Cronbach’s α=.793), emotional functioning (6 items: Range 0–18; M=14.02, Cronbach’s α=.755), and social/family functioning (7 items: Range 0–21; M=18.28, Cronbach’s α=.763)
FACT- cognitive functioning included for a subsample of women (n=881 surveyed in 2008–2009) Psychometrics: 12 items, Range 0–12; Mean=10.18; Cronbach’s ɑ=0.915. This outcome alone was included in a ANOVA model.
MANCOVA Model 4 includes the following two outcomes as dependent variables: FACT-G and FACIT-SP and treatment received was included additionally included as a covariate (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery). This analysis was restricted to the 2380 women recruited from the Kentucky Cancer Registry because treatment data was available for these women.
MANCOVA Model 5 includes the following four FACT-G subscales (physical, work-life, emotional and social functioning). The model additionally adjusts for treatment received among the 2387 women recruited from the Kentucky Cancer Registry because treatment data was available for these women.