A,C,E,J. R232/R232, HAQ/HAQ, H232/H232 and HAQ/H232 human B cells from indicated ethnic groups were activated with RpRp-ssCDA (5μg/ml) for 5 h in culture. Nuclear fractions were isolated, run on a SDS-PAGE gel and probed with the indicated Abs (n=3). B,D,F,H. Human IFNβ was measured in cell supernatant from A,C E,J by ELISA (n=3). I. PBMCs from three homozygous HAQ and R232 German were stimulated with RpRp-ssCDA. Relative expression of ifnb was determined by q-PCR (n=3). Graph present means ± SEM from three independent experiments. The significance is represented by an asterisk, where p<0.05. n.d, not detected.