Table 1.

Selected model inputs and assumptions

Variable	Base value	Setting
Costs (2014 US$)
Reminder letter	$1.4	Norway(5)
Primary office visita	$241	Norwayf
Analysing Pap smear	$45	Norwayf
Analysing hrHPV test	$40	Norwayf
Self-collection kitb	$54	Norway(5)
Colposcopy with biopsy	$532	Norwayf
Treatment of precancer	$1,681	Norwayf
Treatment of local cancer	$26,929	Norwayf
Treatment of regional cancer	$56,573	Norwayf
Treatment of distant cancer	$41,348	Norwayf
% screening at different frequencies with current 2-reminder letter policy
3-yearly	47%	Norway (16)
4-yearly	10%	Norway (16)
5-yearly	22%	Norway (16)
8-yearly	5%	Assumption
10-yearly	5%	Norway (16)
20-yearly	5%	Assumption
Never	6%	Norway (16)
‘5-yearly self-sampling’ policy
% returning SS device	20%	Norway (5)
% increase in absolute participation with SS	10%	Norway (5)
% switch from physician-collected to SSc	10%	Norway (5)
‘10-yearly self-sampling’ policy
% returning SS device	11%	Assumption
% increase in absolute participation with SS	6%	Assumption
% switch from physician-collected to SSc	5%	Assumption
Additional base case self-sampling parameters
% hrHPV-positive attending office-based cytology	88%	Norway (5)
% hrHPV-negative attending office-based cytologyd	18%	Norway (5)
% requesting SS device (opt-in policy)	30%	Sweden (14) and Denmark (6)
Test characteristicse
Relative sensitivity of self-collected hrHPV test	100%	Meta-analysis (2, 3)
Relative specificity of self-collected hrHPV test	95%	Meta-analysis (2, 3)

hrHPV: high-risk human papillomavirus.

^aIncludes patient time and transport, and sending sample to laboratory;

^bIncludes self-collection device (dry brush), leaflet, resealable zipper bag, identification sheet, return envelope and postage. For the proportion of women that returned their device, we included individual's time (i.e. 45 minutes) to read the instructions, take the sample and return the sample to a mailbox;

^cProportion of women that would have attended an office-based exam within the same year if self-sample device was not mailed;

^dProportion of women that were hrHPV-negative on their self-collected sample, but attended an office-based cytology exam;

^eSelf-collected cervico-vaginal sample relative to physician-collected cervical sample. HPV test sensitivity is defined as the probability of detecting high-risk HPV given presence of high-risk HPV in the cervical canal. HPV test specificity is defined as the probability of not detecting hrHPV given hrHPV is not present in the cervix;

^fBased on previous Norwegian analyses (10) and updated to 2014 values.

For more detailed information on cost calculations, please visit the author’s website at: http://www.med.uio.no/helsam/english/research/projects/preventive-strategies-hpv/harvardmodel-norway-technicalappendix.pdf. (US $1=NOK6.30)