Fig. 3.

ER stress-induced apoptosis in BHK21 cells is susceptible to ITPR inhibition only at moderate doses of Tm. a, b BHK21 cells were seeded at a density of 15,000 cells/cm², exposed to varied doses of Tm for 48 h, and assessed for density of adherent cells via crystal violet staining. The density ratio of cells cultured in the presence or absence of ITPR-inhibitor (2-APB, 50 μM, or Xestospongin C, 10 μM) was determined. c Cells were treated with Tm doses in the presence or absence of ITPR inhibitor for a period of 36 h. Apoptotic nuclear morphology was quantified via nuclear staining (DAPI) and assessment via fluorescence microscopy. d Immunoblot analysis of UPR responses at moderate dosage of Tm in the presence or absence of ITPR inhibitor. Blots shown are representative of at least three independently replicated experiments. Statistical analysis was via Student’s t test comparing individual Tm doses to matched doses with ITPR inhibitor (p < 0.05)