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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016 Oct 28;26(1):136–144. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0428

Table 1.

Operationalization of and adherence to the WCRF/AICR dietary recommendations for cancer prevention in the CHANCES consortium

Operationalization of
WCRF dietary
recommendations
Scoring Rotterdam
Study
N (%)
EPIC-Elderly NIH-AARP
Study
N (%)

Spain
N (%)
Sweden
N (%)
Netherlands
N (%)
Denmark
N (%)
Greece
N (%)

Total WCRF/AICR diet score

0–4 2.3 (0.6) 2.5 (0.7) 2.3 (0.5) 2.2 (0.6) 1.8 (0.7) 3.0 (0.5) 2.2 (0.6)

Limit the consumption of energy dense foods and avoid sugary drinks

Energy density

≤125Kcal/100 g/d 1.0 2,019 (52) 1,689 (34) 639 (21) 969 (16) 963 (6) 2,790 (31) 94,689 (30)
>125 to ≤175 Kcal/100 g/d 0.5 1,572 (41) 2,616 (53) 1,769 (57) 3,952 (64) 7,927 (54) 6,019 (67) 171,733 (54)
>175Kcal/100 g/d 0 283 (7) 651 (13) 706 (23) 1,229 (20) 5,875 (40) 232 (3) 53,294 (17)

Sugary drink intake

0 g/d 1.0 2,068 (53) 1,839 (37) 54 (2) 590 (10) 384 (3) none 2,971 (1)
≤ 250 g/d 0.5 1,712 (44) 2,884 (58) 2,698 (87) 4,361 (71) 11,941 (81) 8,435 (93) 107,467 (34)
>250 g/d 0 94 (2) 233 (5) 362 (12) 1,199 (20) 2,440 (17) 606 (7) 209,278 (65)

Eat mostly foods of plant origin

Fruit and vegetable intake

≥400 g/d 1.0 2,188 (56) 3,519 (71) 493 (16) 2,355 (38) 4,952 (34) 8,266 (91) 236,467 (74)
200– 400 g/d 0.5 1,491 (38) 1,109 (22) 1,210 (39) 3,118 (51) 6,334 (43) 706 (8) 66,817 (21)
< 200 g/d 0.0 195 (5) 328 (7) 1,411 (45) 677 (11) 3,479 (24) 69 (1) 16,432 (5)

Dietary fiber intake

≥ 25 g/d 1.0 175 (5) 2,011 (41) 571 (18) 1,761 (29) 6,817 (46) 1604 (18) 68,055 (21)
≥ 12.5–<25 g/d 0.5 2,988 (77) 2,693 (54) 2,028 (65) 4,174 (68) 7,361 (50) 6,641 (73) 175,280 (55)
<12.5 g/d 0.0 711 (18) 252 (5) 515 (17) 215 (4) 587 (4) 796 (9) 76,381 (24)

Limit the intake of red meat and avoid processed meat

Red and processed meat intake:
Red meat <500 g/wk and
processed meat < 3 g/d
1.0 408 (11) 599 (12) 49 (2) 671 (11) 372 (3) 6,882 (76) 30,264 (9)
Red meat <500 g/wk and
processed meat 3 to < 50 g/d
0.5 682 (18) 2,405 (49) 2,511 (81) 2,445 (40) 3,788 (26) 935 (10) 175,467 (55)
Red meat ≥ 500 g/wk or
processed meat ≥ 50 g/d
0.0 2784 (72) 1,952 (39) 554 (18) 3,031 (49) 10,605 (72) 1,224 (14) 113,985 (36)

Limit alcoholic drinks

Ethanol intake: ≤20 g/d (men)
Ethanol intake: ≤ 10 g/d
(women)
Ethanol intake : 20 to ≤ 30 g/d
(men)
1.0 2,864 (74) 3,563 (72) 3,063 (98) 4,560 (74) 8,097 (55) 7,884 (87) 256,907 (80)
Ethanol intake: 10 to ≤ 20 g/d
(women)
0.5 513 (13) 491 (10) 45 (1) 744 (12) 2,701 (18) 519 (6) 25,866 (8)
Ethanol intake : >30 g/d (men) 0.0 497 (13) 902 (18) 6 (0.2) 846 (14) 3,967 (27) 638 (7) 36,943 (12)
Ethanol intake: >20 g/d
(women)