Figure 1.

Characterization of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of hepatocellular carcinoma. (A) Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were established, and tumor growth was measured at a given time for each PDX xenograft. Tumor volume was calculated as (a × b²)/2, the length (a), and width (b) of tumor. (B,C) H&E and IHC staining tissue of primary tumor and PDXs. The xenograft demonstrates morphology, glypican 3, and AFP staining consistent with the original human tumor. Brown color indicates positive staining. IgG was used as a negative control. Scale bar is 50 μm. (D) mRNA expression level of tumor-related genes [MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase), CTNNB1 (catenin beta 1), AXIN1 (axin 1), TP53 (tumor protein p53), RB1 (RB transcriptional corepressor 1), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), BCL2 (BCL2, apoptosis regulator), AFP (alpha fetoprotein), KRT19 (keratin 19), CDKN2A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A), CDKN1B (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B), and CCND1 (cyclin D1)] in primary tumor and PDXs. Results represent mean ± SD of three individual experiments.