Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics for 253 Participants at Their First Neuropsychological Testing Visit, by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Serostatus
| Background Characteristic | HIV Serostatus, No. (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Uninfected (n = 67) | Infected (n = 186) | P Value | |
| Age, y | 44.15 ± 10.27 | 48.29 ± 8.63 | .002 |
| WRAT-3 reading subtest score | 93.37 ± 17.22 | 91.57 ± 18.11 | .48 |
| Years of education, no. | 12.97 ± 3.38 | 12.94 ± 3.28 | .95 |
| Race/ethnicity | .14 | ||
| African American, non-Hispanic | 44 (66) | 125 (67) | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 10 (15) | 32 (17) | |
| Hispanic | 5 (7) | 21 (11) | |
| Other | 8 (12) | 8 (4) | |
| Annual household incomea | 3.79 ± 2.42 | 3.52 ± 2.41 | .43 |
| Currentb depressive symptoms, CES-D score ≥16 | 18 (27) | 79 (42) | .02 |
| HCV RNA positive | 13 (19) | 61 (32) | .04 |
| Recentc heavyd alcohol use | 16 (24) | 36 (19) | .43 |
| Recentc marijuana/hashish use | 24 (36) | 46 (25) | .08 |
| Smoking status | .53 | ||
| Never | 10 (15) | 39 (21) | |
| Formere | 21 (31) | 58 (31) | |
| Recentc | 36 (54) | 89 (48) | |
| Recentc crack, cocaine, and/or heroin use | 7 (10) | 25 (13) | .53 |
| Diabetesf | 12 (18) | 32 (17) | .90 |
| APRIg | 0.21 (0.13) | 0.32 (0.34) | <.001 |
| Hypertensionh | 17 (25) | 76 (41) | .02 |
| Body mass index | 28.33 ± 5.94 | 26.31 ± 5.64 | .01 |
| Menopausal status | .02 | ||
| Premenopausal | 32 (49) | 54 (31) | |
| Perimenopausal | 6 (9) | 28 (16) | |
| Postmenopausal | 27 (42) | 94 (53) | |
| HIV disease | |||
| CD4+ T-cell count, cells/mm3 | |||
| Nadir | … | 261 (210) | |
| >500 | … | 101 (54) | |
| ≥200 and <500 | … | 63 (34) | |
| <200 | … | 22 (12) | |
| Plasma HIV RNA level, copies/mL | |||
| Undetectablei | … | 94 (50) | |
| <10 000 | … | 68 (37) | |
| ≥10 000 | … | 24 (13) | |
| cART compliance >95% | … | 114 (62) | |
Data are mean value ± SD, no. (%) of women, or median value (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; HCV, hepatitis C virus; WRAT-3, Wide Range Achievement Test.
a Categorized using an ordinal scale, as follows: 1, ≤$6000; 2, $6001–$12 000; 3, $12 001–$18 000; 4, $18 001–$24 000; 5, $24 001–30 000; 6, $30 001–$36 000; 7, $36 001–$75 000; and 8, >$75 000.
b Defined as within the past week.
c Defined as within 6 months of the most recent WIHS visit.
d Defined as >7 drinks/week.
e Defined as any previous use, but not in the past 6 months.
f Defined as having a self-reported diagnosis, having a fasting glucose of over 125 mg/dL, or being on diabetic medications.
g The aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) was calculated as [(actual AST level)/(upper limit of normal AST level)] × [100/platelet count].
h Defined as any indication of hypertension (ie, systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg, self-report, or use of antihypertensive medication).
i Defined as ≤48 copies/mL.