Table 2. Metabolite changes as a consequence of CPB.
| Metabolites | Pre-CPB |
Post-CPB |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PA (μmol/L) |
LA (μmol/L) |
PA |
LA |
|||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Change(%) | p-value | Change(%) | p-value | |
| Inosine | 10.2 | 2.5 | 10.1 | 2.6 | −18 | <0.0001 | −14.4 | 0.003 |
| Hypoxanthine | 13.9 | 1.6 | 13.7 | 1.9 | −21.1 | <0.0001 | −20.3 | <0.0001 |
| Tryptophan | 140.4 | 27.6 | 140.2 | 26.8 | −22.2 | <0.0001 | −24.7 | <0.0001 |
| 1-Metylhistidine | 80.8 | 13.1 | 79 | 14.2 | −10.1 | 0.001 | −7.4 | 0.03 |
| Uric acid | 50 | 9.1 | 49.1 | 8.5 | −7.9 | 0.03 | −6.2 | 0.08 |
| Xanthine | 96.6 | 12.6 | 95.8 | 12.9 | −16.2 | <0.0001 | −15.7 | <0.0001 |
| MUFA | 786.3 | 213.3 | 771.9 | 202.2 | −25.1 | <0.0001 | −24.5 | <0.0001 |
| Diacylglycerol | 43.6 | 8.8 | 44.5 | 10.4 | 12.7 | 0.003 | 14.6 | 0.003 |
| Phosphoenolpyruvate | 174.5 | 54.1 | 174.2 | 50.1 | 7.5 | 0.10 | 10.3 | 0.06 |
| N-acetyl‐galactosamine | 209.8 | 85.3 | 205.9 | 98.8 | 21.3 | 0.02 | 15.8 | 0.10 |
| β-Glucose | 5043.2 | 1616 | 5015 | 1554.1 | 39.5 | <0.0001 | 38 | <0.0001 |
| α-Glucose | 2144.8 | 643 | 2127.3 | 619.9 | 35.9 | <0.0001 | 36.1 | <0.0001 |
| 4.60 ppm* | 141.9 | 42.6 | 134.7 | 37.8 | −24.9 | <0.0001 | −27.2 | <0.0001 |
| DAGPL | 222.3 | 48.9 | 217.3 | 47.5 | −19.1 | <0.0001 | −25 | <0.0001 |
| Phosphatidylcholine | 531.8 | 73.9 | 520.4 | 75.3 | −16.6 | <0.0001 | −17.7 | <0.0001 |
| GPC | 137.4 | 15.6 | 134.9 | 15.8 | −7.1 | 0.001 | −7.4 | 0.001 |
| Lactate | 1495.3 | 585.7 | 1466.7 | 557.7 | 32.8 | <0.0001 | 35.8 | <0.0001 |
| Glycerol | 4870 | 1820 | 4763.5 | 1801 | 10 | 0.08 | 11.3 | 0.06 |
| Choline& Sphingomyelin | 793.4 | 140.3 | 788.6 | 132.9 | −17.5 | <0.0001 | −17.4 | <0.0001 |
| Creatine | 104.5 | 15.8 | 105.8 | 16.3 | 32.8 | <0.0001 | 31.4 | <0.0001 |
| PUFA | 543.5 | 145.3 | 535.5 | 140.1 | −26.8 | <0.0001 | −26.7 | <0.0001 |
| Citrate | 101.7 | 13.9 | 100.9 | 12.9 | 30.2 | <0.0001 | 27.8 | <0.0001 |
| Pyruvate | 43.6 | 16.7 | 41.9 | 16.5 | 61.3 | <0.0001 | 67.3 | <0.0001 |
| 3-Hydroxybutyric acid | 168.3 | 45.9 | 167.1 | 45.7 | −17.4 | 0.001 | −17.2 | 0.001 |
| Acetoacetate | 120 | 50.4 | 120 | 50.8 | −22.6 | 0.004 | −23.1 | 0.003 |
| Acetate | 100.3 | 42.5 | 98.9 | 36.8 | −19.9 | 0.060 | −18 | 0.08 |
| Lysine | 489.2 | 45.9 | 484.8 | 47.5 | −3.3 | 0.10 | −3.2 | 0.12 |
| Arginine | 337.4 | 38.1 | 334.5 | 38.4 | −6.1 | 0.009 | −5.9 | <0.0001 |
| Free fatty acid | 515.2 | 199.4 | 494.9 | 175.8 | −30.2 | <0.0001 | −29.4 | <0.0001 |
| Alanine | 482.8 | 92.9 | 475.7 | 88.8 | 15.1 | <0.0001 | 15.8 | <0.0001 |
| Ethanol | 492.1 | 199.3 | 490.8 | 223.4 | −46.3 | <0.0001 | −45.2 | <0.0001 |
| Isobutyrate & Carnitine | 32.1 | 4.7 | 31.6 | 5.2 | −7.4 | 0.01 | −6.8 | 0.03 |
| Isoleucine | 116.8 | 17.3 | 116.2 | 18.4 | −14.4 | <0.0001 | −14.2 | <0.0001 |
| Leucine | 275.3 | 37 | 272.5 | 38.2 | −7.5 | 0.008 | −6.9 | 0.02 |
| Lipoproteins | 3575.7 | 852.6 | 3512.4 | 812.3 | −30.4 | <0.0001 | −30.2 | <0.0001 |
| Cholesterol | 50.6 | 12.4 | 50.2 | 11 | −34.5 | <0.0001 | −32.2 | <0.0001 |
Metabolite levels found in pulmonary artery (PA) and left atrial (LA) samples collected before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Mean change in percent was calculated using the formula: (post-CPB − pre-CPB)/pre-CPB * 100. Significance was assessed by the paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, depending on the distribution of the data. Abbreviations: MUFA, mono-unsaturated fatty acids; DAGPL, diacylglycerophosphocholine; GPC, glycerophosphocholine; 4.60 ppm*, unassigned metabolite.