Table 3.
Determinants of health in China: odds ratios for good self-rated health (SRH)
| Variables | Category | Model 1: Univariate analysis | Model 2: Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Gender | Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 1.24*** | (1.14–1.35) | 1.19*** | (1.07–1.32) | |
| Age group | 18–29 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 30–39 | 0.69*** | (0.55–0.85) | 0.63*** | (0.48–0.82) | |
| 40–49 | 0.36*** | (0.30–0.44) | 0.38*** | (0.29–0.49) | |
| 50–59 | 0.23*** | (0.19–0.28) | 0.24*** | (0.18–0.31) | |
| 60–69 | 0.14*** | (0.11–0.17) | 0.16*** | (0.12–0.21) | |
| 70+ | 0.09*** | (0.08–0.11) | 0.11*** | (0.09–0.15) | |
| Ethnicity | Other ethnic minorities | 1.00 | |||
| Han nationality | 1.06 | (0.91–1.23) | |||
| Marital status | Divorced, separated, or widowed | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Married | 2.15*** | (1.88–2.45) | 0.81** | (0.68–0.95) | |
| Single | 5.08*** | (4.11–6.28) | 0.75* | (0.55–1.02) | |
| Residence | Rural | 1.00 | |||
| Urban | 1.58*** | (1.43–1.73) | |||
| Suburban | 1.44*** | (1.30–1.61) | |||
| Regions | West | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| East | 1.71*** | (1.54–1.91) | 1.28*** | (1.11–1.47) | |
| Middle | 1.03 | (0.91–1.15) | 1.11 | (0.96–1.27) | |
| Northeast | 1.23*** | (1.08–1.42) | 1.15* | (0.98–1.36) | |
| Socio-economic status | |||||
| Education degree | Primary or no education | 1.00 | |||
| Secondary education | 2.43*** | (2.22–2.67) | |||
| College or higher | 4.15*** | (3.60–4.79) | |||
| Work status | Not working | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Non-farm work | 3.67*** | (3.32–4.07) | 1.96*** | (1.71–2.24) | |
| Farm work | 1.27*** | (1.14–1.41) | 1.39*** | (1.21–1.59) | |
| Household Income (RMB/dollars) | ≤¥9,999 (or ≤ $ 1,640) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ¥10,000–49,999 (or $1,640–8,201) | 2.52*** | (2.18–2.90) | 1.21** | (1.02–1.43) | |
| ¥50,000–99,999 (or $8,201–16,402) | 4.76*** | (4.08–5.55) | 1.46*** | (1.20–1.77) | |
| ≥¥100,000 (or ≥ $16,402) | 5.28*** | (4.42–6.30) | 1.06 | (0.84–1.34) | |
| Self-rated social class | Low (score 1–3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Middle (score 4–5) | 1.99*** | (1.82–2.18) | 1.20*** | (1.07–1.35) | |
| High (score 6–10) | 2.33*** | (1.95–2.78) | 1.26** | (1.02–1.57) | |
| Socio-economic status compared with peers | Lower | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Higher | 2.75*** | (2.19–3.46) | 1.89*** | (1.45–2.48) | |
| Similar | 2.07*** | (1.89–2.26) | 1.31*** | (1.16–1.46) | |
| Hard to say | 1.78*** | (1.42–2.23) | 1.11 | (0.84–1.45) | |
| Lifestyle factors | |||||
| BMI | Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Underweight | 0.51*** | (0.44–0.59) | 0.68*** | (0.57–0.82) | |
| Over weight | 0.96 | (0.86–1.07) | 0.92 | (0.81–1.04) | |
| Obese | 0.62*** | (0.48–0.82) | 0.59*** | (0.43–0.82) | |
| Physical activity | Inactive | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Active | 1.47*** | (1.37–1.61) | 1.16** | (1.03–1.31) | |
| Psychosocial factors | |||||
| Life satisfaction | Happy life | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Unhappy life | 0.33*** | (0.29–0.38) | 0.68*** | (0.57–0.82) | |
| Average | 0.60*** | (0.54–0.67) | 0.75*** | (0.66–0.85) | |
| Depression | Severe | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Mild | 2.07*** | (1.72–2.50) | 1.86*** | (1.51–2.29) | |
| Few or no | 10.04*** | (8.44–11.94) | 7.89*** | (6.50–9.57) | |
| Relations with relatives and friends | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Poor | 0.41*** | (0.36–0.47) | 0.74*** | (0.63–0.86) | |
| Normal | 0.66*** | (0.60–0.73) | 0.79*** | (0.71–0.88) | |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.2305 | ||||
Multivariate model including all significant variables through backwards stepwise logistic analysis
OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% Confidence Intervals
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1