Skip to main content
. 2017 Jan 11;17:13. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0390-3

Table 2.

Risk factors for 4-year mortality in multi-variable logistic modeling

Risk factors Classic modela Enhanced model with control beliefsb
Adjusted OR (95% CI) p-value Adjusted OR (95% CI) p-value
Demographics
 Age in years:
  50–59 1 1
  60–64 1.61 (1.09–2.36) 0.016 1.66 (1.13–2.45) 0.010
  65–69 2.57 (1.85–3.57) <0.001 2.68 (1.92–3.73) <0.001
  70–74 3.10 (2.22–4.34) <0.001 3.22 (2.30–4.50) <0.001
  75–79 4.44 (3.17–6.21) <0.001 4.64 (3.31–6.51) <0.001
  80–84 6.65 (4.71–9.39) <0.001 6.74 (4.76–9.53) <0.001
   ≥ 85 14.4 (10.2–20.4) <0.001 14.5 (10.2–20.5) <0.001
 Male 1.84 (1.56–2.17) <0.001 1.85 (1.57–2.18) <0.001
Health conditions & behaviors
 Diabetes mellitus 1.64(1.37–1.97) <0.001 1.63 (1.36–1.97) <0.001
 Heart failure 2.43 (1.81–3.27) <0.001 2.37 (1.76–3.19) <0.001
 Cancer 1.54 (1.27–1.86) <0.001 1.52 (1.26–1.84) <0.001
 Lung disease 1.61 (1.29–2.00) <0.001 1.58 (1.27–1.97) <0.001
 BMI <25 kg/m2 1.69 (1.40–2.05) <0.001 1.70 (1.41–2.06) <0.001
 Current smoker 1.89 (1.50–2.39) <0.001 1.83 (1.45–2.31) <0.001
Functional impairments
 Bathing 2.14 (1.62–2.84) <0.001 2.00 (1.51–2.64) <0.001
 Managing finances 1.40 (1.02–1.93) 0.035 1.28 (0.93–1.76) 0.136
 Walking several blocks 2.11 (1.75–2.56) <0.001 1.97 (1.62–2.39) <0.001
 Push/pulling large object 1.21 (1.00–1.47) 0.056 1.12 (0.92–1.37) 0.252
Control beliefs
 Perceived constraintsc:
  1st Quartile 1
  2nd Quartile 1.14 (0.86–1.51) 0.365
  3rd Quartile 1.37 (1.03–1.81) 0.029
  4th Quartile 1.45 (1.09–1.92) 0.010
 Perceived masteryc:
  1st Quartile 1
  2nd Quartile 0.79 (0.62–0.99) 0.039
  3rd Quartile 0.86 (0.68–1.09) 0.200
  4th Quartile 0.95 (0.74–1.22) 0.691
 Health-specific controlc:
  1st Quartile 1
  2nd Quartile 0.72 (0.57–0.91) 0.006
  3rd Quartile 0.69 (0.54–0.89) 0.004
  4th Quartile 0.78 (0.61–0.99) 0.010

OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; BMI = body mass index

aIncludes all risk factors from model developed by Lee et al. [3]

bIncludes all risk factors from model developed by Lee et al. [3] and 3 control belief variables (perceived constraints, perceived mastery, and health-specific control)

cScores divided into quartiles, see Methods