Table 1. Population Characteristics.
| Total | Daycare | Parental-care | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Total | 51 | 32 | 19 |
| Data provider mother | 40 (76.9) | 25 (78.1) | 15 (78.9) |
| Female | 27 (52.9) | 20 (62.5) | 7 (36.8) |
| Firstborna | 36 (70.6) | 21 (65.6) | 15 (78.9) |
| Bilingual | 12 (23.5) | 9 (28.1) | 3 (15.8) |
| Two-parent household | 44 (86.3) | 25 (78.1) | 19 (100) |
| Highest sec. educationb: mothers | 42 (82.4) | 26 (81.3) | 16 (84.2) |
| Highest sec. educationb: fathers | 38 (74.5) | 24 (66.7) | 14 (73.7) |
| Mother employed | 30 (58.8) | 26 (81.3) | 4 (21.1) |
| Father employed | 50 (98.0) | 32 (100) | 18 (94.7) |
Note. Percentages in brackets are group-based (column-wise). sec.: secondary. aIncluding two pairs of firstborn twins, all four children were counted as firstborns. bRefers to German university entrance certificate (Abitur) or a foreign equivalent, see footnote 1 for further explanations); all parents received further professional training and/or completed a higher education degree.