Table 1.
Baseline subject characteristics and hippocampal subfields volumes of PD-NCI and PD-MCI.
| PD-NCI (N = 54) |
PD-MCI (N = 11) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects' baseline characteristics | |||
| Ageb | 63.39 ± 6.86 | 69.45 ± 10.19 | 0.017 |
| Gender (Male, %)a | 41 (75.9%) | 6 (54.55%) | χ2 = 2.086, p = 0.149 |
| Educationc | 10.93 ± 3.40 | 9.73 ± 2.97 | 0.653 |
| Disease durationb | 4.74 ± 3.02 | 4.09 ± 3.39 | 0.431 |
| Scan intervalb | 1.31 ± 0.14 | 1.39 ± 0.22 | 0.625 |
| APOE4a (Yes, %) | 11 (20.37%) | 2 (18.18%) | χ2 = 1.609, p = 0.447 |
| Diabetesa (Yes, %) | 8 (14.81%) | 3 (27.27%) | χ2 = 1.009, p = 0.379 |
| Hypertensiona (Yes, %) | 20 (37.04%) | 4 (36.36%) | χ2 = 0.002, p = 0.966 |
| Hyperlipidemiaa (Yes, %) | 24 (44.44%) | 7 (63.64) | χ2 = 1.349, p = 0.327 |
| Smoking historya (Yes, %) | 19 (35.19%) | 3 (27.27%) | χ2 = 0.256, p = 0.737 |
| LEDDc | 621.20 ± 447.38 | 633.88 ± 452.27 | 0.803 |
| Motor characteristics (Baseline) | |||
| Hoehn and Yahrc | 2.08 ± 0.41 | 2.00 ± 0.59 | 0.762 |
| UPDRS IIIc | 18.95 ± 8.96 | 15.27 ± 5.26 | 0.667 |
| Neuroimaging characteristics | |||
| Cortical thickness LHb | 2.19 ± 0.10 | 2.19 ± 0.11 | 0.878 |
| Cortical thickness RHb | 2.18 ± 0.10 | 2.18 ± 0.11 | 0.856 |
| Total GM volb | 518.85 ± 37.56 | 509.46 ± 48.11 | 0.474 |
| Memory domains (Baseline) | |||
| Global cognitionc | 0.10 ± 0.90 | − 0.62 ± 1.11 | 0.013 |
| Episodic Memoryc | 0.14 ± 0.88 | − 0.06 ± 0.47 | 0.121 |
| Executivec | 0.15 ± 0.67 | − 0.37 ± 1.02 | 0.130 |
| Attentionb | − 0.04 ± 0.64 | 0.28 ± 0.63 | 0.140 |
| Visuospatialc | 0.09 ± 0.58 | − 0.48 ± 1.40 | 0.210 |
| Languagec | 0.09 ± 0.77 | − 0.29 ± 0.89 | 0.074 |
| Hippocampal subfields LH (Baseline)d | |||
| Hippocampal tail | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.50 ± 0.08 | 0.227 |
| Subiculum | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.41 ± 0.07 | 0.265 |
| CA1 | 0.57 ± 0.07 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 0.066 |
| Hippocampal fissure | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.861 |
| Presubiculum | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.29 ± 0.05 | 0.332 |
| Parasubiculum | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.503 |
| Molecular Layer | 0.52 ± 0.08 | 0.53 ± 0.08 | 0.220 |
| GC-DG | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.874 |
| CA2–3 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 0.858 |
| CA4 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.861 |
| Fimbria | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.048 |
| HATA | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.870 |
| Whole Hippocampus | 3.24 ± 0.31 | 3.21 ± 0.50 | 0.221 |
| Hippocampal subfields RH (Baseline)d | |||
| Hippocampal tail | 0.57 ± 0.33 | 0.51 ± 0.09 | 0.777 |
| Subiculum | 0.42 ± 0.05 | 0.42 ± 0.06 | 0.174 |
| CA1 | 0.63 ± 0.09 | 0.60 ± 0.07 | 0.031 |
| Hippocampal fissure | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.908 |
| Presubiculum | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.207 |
| Parasubiculum | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.409 |
| Molecular Layer | 0.54 ± 0.08 | 0.56 ± 0.07 | 0.108 |
| GC-DG | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.356 |
| CA2–3 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.402 |
| CA4 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.181 |
| Fimbria | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.130 |
| HATA | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Whole Hippocampus | 3.32 ± 0.54 | 3.37 ± 0.45 | 0.186 |
Values expressed as Mean ± SD.
Cognitive scores were Z-scored.
Abbreviations: APOE, Apolipoprotein E; LEDD indicates levodopa equivalent dose; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; LH, Left hemisphere; RH, Right hemisphere; CA, cornu ammonis; GC-DG, granule cell layer of dentate gyrus; HATA, hippocampus-amygdala-transition-area.
a
χ2 (df = 1).
b
Indepedent samples t-test (df = 63).
c
Mann-Whitney test.
d
ANCOVA (df = 1) controlling for age, gender, education, intracranial volume with post-hoc Bonferroni pairwise test.