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. 2017 Jan 12;7:2130. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02130

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Copyright © 2017 Meng, Huo, Wang, Xiao, Liu, Wei, Dong, Zhang, Hu and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Toll-like receptors/dsRNA complex inhibitor can reduce the releasing of proinflammatory cytokines in P815 cells infected by IAV. P815 cells treatment with TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor were infected with H1N1, H5N1, and H7N2 at a MOI of 0.1, exposed to LE-PolyI:C, or mock treated. At the designated time points, cell supernatants were harvested and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and CCL-2 was analyzed by ELISA. Graphs shown are mean ± SD of three independent replicates. Asterisks indicate statistically significant increases compared to mock treatment (^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01).