Fig. 2.

Geographic locations of origin and development of landraces and milestone cultivars. The geographic maps of East Asia and North America are in scale and aligned by latitude. Soybean maturity zones ranging from 000 to IX are superimposed on the map. Letters refer to locations of landrace collection in East Asia, and numbers indicate sites of landrace and/or milestone cultivar development in North America. Both are sorted by latitude from north to south. For few selected soybean varieties, dashed lines are shown connecting locations of origin with sites of introduction. Blue dots refer to landraces and red dots to milestone cultivars. Landraces (listed with maturity groups) were collected at following East Asian locations (country, province/city): A China, Heilongjiang: Illini (III), Manchu (III), Mandarin (Ottawa) (0), Mandarin (1), S-100 (V); B China, Jilin: Dunfield (III), Richland (II); C China, Liaoning: PI 88788 (III); D China, Liaoning: Mukden (II); E North Korea, Pyongyang: Arksoy (VI), Haberlandt (VI), Ralsoy (VI); F Japan, Kanagawa: Tokyo (VII); G China, Shaanxi: PI 171442 (V); H China, Jiangsu: CNS (VII), PI 71506 (IV), Roanoke (VII). Landraces and milestone cultivars (listed with maturity groups) were developed at following sites in North America (country, state/province, city): 1 Canada, Ontario, Ottawa: Merit (0), Capital (0), Mandarin (Ottawa) (0); 2 Canada, Ontario, Harrow: Harcor (II), Harosoy (II), A.K. (Harrow) (III); 3 USA, Iowa, Ames: Adams (III), Amsoy (II), Blackhawk (I), Corsoy (II), Cumberland (III), Ford (III), Oakland (III), Pella (III), Mukden (II); 4 USA, Ohio, Wooster: Amcor (II), Zane (III); 5 USA, Indiana, West Lafayette: Beeson (II), Bonus (IV), Calland (III), Century (II), Kent (IV), Perry (IV), Dunfield (III), Richland (II); 6 USA, Missouri, Rutledge: S-100 (V); 7 USA, Illinois, Urbana: Chippewa (I), Clark (IV), Jack (II), Lawrence (IV), Shelby (III), Wayne (III), Williams (III), Williams 82 (III), Woodworth (III), Illini (III); 8 USA, Kansas, Manhattan: Douglas (IV); 9 USA, Virginia, Arlington: Haberlandt (VI), Manchu (III); 10 USA, Virginia, Blacksburg: Essex (V), Hutcheson (V), Mandarin (I), Tokyo (VII); 11 USA, Arkansas, Fayetteville: Davis (VI), Arksoy (VI), Ralsoy (VI); 12 USA, Tennessee, Knoxville: 5601T (V), Ogden (VI), Volstate (VII); 13 USA, North Carolina, Raleigh: NC-Roy (VI), Brim (VI), Dare (V), Jackson (VII), NC-Raleigh (VII), Pickett (VI), Ransom (VII), Young (VI), Roanoke (VII); 14 USA, South Carolina, Clemson: Dillon (VI), Hagood (VII), CNS (VII); 15 USA, Georgia, Athens: Cook (VIII); 16 USA, Mississippi, Stoneville: Centennial (VI), Dorman (V), Hill (V), Hood (VI), Lee (VI), Tracy (VI); 17 USA, Georgia, Tifton: GaSoy17 (VII); 18 USA, Florida, Gainesville: Bragg (VII), Braxton (VII) (color figure online)