TABLE 2—
Estimated Intervention Effects for Self-Reported Pregnancy and Sexual Behavior Among Adolescent Girls in Ghana in a Cluster–Randomized Controlled Trial on the Impact of Text-Messaging Programs on Reproductive Health: 2014
| Unidirectional—Control |
Interactive—Control |
||||||
| Variable | Control, No. (%) | Unidirectional, No. (%) | Interactive, No. (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
| Full sample | |||||||
| Ever had sexual intercourse | 88/273 (32) | 83/239 (35) | 64/196 (33) | 1.04 (0.71, 1.52) | 1.06 (0.71, 1.58) | 1.29 (0.85, 1.95) | 1.24 (0.80, 1.93) |
| Sexual intercourse in past year | 58/273 (21) | 64/243 (26) | 51/196 (26) | 1.21 (0.80, 1.84) | 1.22 (0.79, 1.87) | 1.54 (0.97, 2.44) | 1.55 (0.96, 2.50) |
| Pregnant in past year | 10/276 (4) | 5/243 (2) | 6/193 (3) | 0.51 (0.17, 1.54) | 0.39 (0.12, 1.29) | 0.85 (0.27, 2.69) | 0.59 (0.17, 2.00) |
| Sexually active sample | |||||||
| Pregnant in past year | 9/58 (16) | 5/63 (8) | 4/51 (8) | 0.40 (0.12, 1.38) | 0.14 (0.03, 0.71) | 0.42 (0.10, 1.70) | 0.15 (0.03, 0.86) |
| Used any contraception past year | 26/56 (46) | 35/60 (58) | 25/46 (54) | 1.77 (0.83, 3.79) | 1.52 (0.68, 3.43) | 1.27 (0.56, 2.90) | 1.18 (0.48, 2.90) |
| Used contraception at last sexual intercourse | 27/54 (50) | 36/59 (61) | 27/50 (54) | 1.61 (0.75, 3.49) | 1.40 (0.61, 3.22) | 1.28 (0.57, 2.91) | 1.17 (0.48, 2.85) |
| Used condom at sexual debut | 30/54 (56) | 34/62 (55) | 27/49 (55) | 0.99 (0.46, 2.11) | 0.83 (0.36, 1.89) | 1.14 (0.50, 2.63) | 0.97 (0.39, 2.40) |
| Had sexual intercourse without condom past year | 38/57 (67) | 48/62 (77) | 42/49 (86) | 1.50 (0.65, 3.48) | 1.85 (0.73, 4.70) | 2.80 (1.02, 7.70) | 3.47 (1.12, 10.74) |
| Used condom in past year | 15/58 (26) | 17/64 (27) | 16/51 (31) | 1.17 (0.51, 2.69) | 1.14 (0.47, 2.79) | 1.29 (0.53, 3.13) | 1.25 (0.48, 3.23) |
| Used birth control pill in past year | 1/58 (2) | 5/64 (8) | 5/51 (10) | 4.91 (0.55, 43.40) | 5.04 (0.50, 50.49) | 6.88 (0.73, 64.72) | 13.23 (1.08, 161.80) |
| Used emergency contraception in past year | 10/58 (17) | 11/64 (17) | 4/51 (8) | 1.07 (0.36, 3.13) | 0.81 (0.28, 2.34) | 0.31 (0.08, 1.25) | 0.22 (0.05, 0.88) |
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. Odds ratios from multilevel logistic regression model with school random effects. Crude model adjusted for stratification variables—that is, presence of home economics class and school category. Adjusted model additionally adjusted for age, religion, ethnicity, mother’s education, father’s education, school size, and baseline knowledge. One participant in the control group and 2 in the interactive group reported being pregnant in the past year but not having sexual intercourse in the past year. We did not recode them; however, analysis including those participants in the sexually active sample does not change the direction or the significance of the results.