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. 2017 Jan 12;7:40343. doi: 10.1038/srep40343

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(a) Cross-sectional HAADF STEM image of a coarse grain in COS-2 after 5 MeV Fe⁺⁺ irradiation to a fluence of 4.6 × 10¹⁷ ion/cm² at 460 °C, with 100 appm helium pre-implanted; (b) HAADF image showing oxide distribution in coarse grain of COS-2 before irradiation; (c)~(e) HAADF images showing oxide distributions in various depth with various doses; (f) High resolution STEM-BF image showing the pyrochlore-structured Y₂Ti₂O₇ found in the coarse grains before irradiation; (g) HR-HAADF image showing the newly formed Y-Ti-O nano-cluster in coarse grains after irradiation.