PF attenuates learning and memory impairment in VD rats in the Morris water maze test. (A) Pathway maps of searching for the hidden platform. (B) The distance moved to reach the hidden platform. (C) The mean escape latency time that rats spent finding the hidden platform. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. the control group; #P<0.05, ##P<0.05 vs. the VD group. n=7. Two-way analysis of variance followed by a Bonferroni multiple group comparison were used. Con, control; VD, vascular dementia; PF, paeoniflorn.