Figure 6.

The signaling pathways involved in wogonin-induced autophagy. Wogonin activates Beclin-1 and PI3K. Wogonin also promotes ROS generation, inducing ROS-mediated autophagy by activating the ULK1, AKT, 4E-BP1 and CYLD signaling pathways, and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; P-, phosphorylated; T-, total; ULK1, Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; AKT, protein kinase B; 4E-BP1, 4E-binding protein-1; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; CYLD, cylindromatosis.