Table 1.

Mean differences for Time 1 (T1) Study Variables between Ethnic Groups (N = 1227)

	Vietnamese American		European American
Variables	M	SD	M	SD	t	d
1. T1 Internalizing Stigma	2.78	0.78	2.57	0.75	4.61***	.27
2. T1 Externalizing Stigma	3.98	0.91	4.19	0.92	3.89***	.23
3. T1 Internalizing Symptoms	60.77	10.07	58.79	10.87	3.25***	.19
4. T1 Externalizing Symptoms	53.68	8.92	51.98	9.60	3.15**	.18
5. T1 Family Obligation	3.46	0.63	3.25	0.70	5.48***	.32
6. T1 Independent Self-Construal	25.72	4.19	25.36	4.39	1.45	.08
7. T1 Interdependent Self-Construal	29.58	5.17	28.80	5.13	2.57**	.15

Note.

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001