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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 12.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016 Jul 7;13(9):513–532. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.103

Figure 2. The stages of atherosclerosis development at which different nutraceuticals exert their potential beneficial effects.

Figure 2

There are several major steps involved in the development of atherosclerosis including LDL oxidation, pro-inflammatory gene expression, monocyte migration, foam cell formation, and plaque stability. This figure highlights the stages at which the major nutraceuticals discussed in this review could aid in reducing atherosclerosis disease progression. LDL, Low density lipoprotein; PUFAs, Polyunsaturated fatty acids.