No differences in the number of activated CD4+ and CD8+ or B cells in the lungs or draining lymph nodes were observed between pups born to either immunized or naïve dams. Dams were given i.t. inoculations of Pneumocystis on the day of breeding and boosted with i.n. inoculums on day 16 of gestation. Control dams received inoculations of PBS. Pups in both groups were then given i.n. inoculations of Pneumocystis within 72 h of birth. Activated T cells in the BALF (A, B) and B cells in the TBLN (C) and digested lung tissue (D) were determined by using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies specific for CD4, CD8, CD62L, CD19, and CD80 and flow cytometry at days 6, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Data represent the means ± SD for three to five mice per group.